Circannual cycles and photoperiodism

Cassone, Vincent M.; Yoshimura, Takashi

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819770-7.00045-1

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 140 publications

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“…In vertebrates, circadian rhythms are primarily generated through transcription–translation feed-back loops of clock genes within cells [ 10 , 11 ]. Among avian core clock genes, unlike in mammals, per1 (Period Circadian Regulator 1) is not expressed in birds [ 11 ], and cryptochromes (encoded by cry - genes) might have photoreceptive capacities [ 29 ].…”

Section: Endocrine–clock Interactions In Avian Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The circadian system is also important for annual timing through photoperiodism, as shown by multiple behavioural experiments [ 10 ]. On a circannual time scale, rhythm generation is poorly understood [ 52 ].…”

Section: Endocrine–clock Interactions In Avian Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their contributions range from transduction and amplification of Zeitgeber cues, through pacing of clock components, to dissemination of clock information and modulation of physiological responsiveness throughout the body [9][10][11][12]. Clocks are thus intimately coupled to several major endocrine pathways on diel and annual time scales.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Endocrine–circadian interactions in birds: implications when nights are no longer dark

Helm,

Greives,

Zeman

2024

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Biological clocks are evolved time-keeping systems by which organisms rhythmically coordinate physiology within the body, and align it with rhythms in their environment. Clocks are highly sensitive to light and are at the interface of several major endocrine pathways. Worryingly, exposure to artificial-light-at-night (ALAN) is rapidly increasing in ever more extensive parts of the world, with likely impact on wild organisms mediated by endocrine–circadian pathways. In this overview, we first give a broad-brush introduction to biological rhythms. Then, we outline interactions between the avian clock, endocrine pathways, and environmental and internal modifiers. The main focus of this review is on the circadian hormone, melatonin. We summarize information from avian field and laboratory studies on melatonin and its relationships with behaviour and physiology, including often neglected developmental aspects. When exposed to ALAN, birds are highly vulnerable to disruption of behavioural rhythms and of physiological systems under rhythmic control. Several studies suggest that melatonin is likely a key mediator for a broad range of effects. We encourage further observational and experimental studies of ALAN impact on melatonin, across the full functional range of this versatile signalling molecule, as well as on other candidate compounds at the endocrine–circadian interface. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Endocrine responses to environmental variation: conceptual approaches and recent developments’.

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Section: Endocrine–clock Interactions In Avian Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Endocrine–clock Interactions In Avian Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Endocrine–circadian interactions in birds: implications when nights are no longer dark

Helm,

Greives,

Zeman

2024

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…However, Yoshimura and coworkers have envisioned an external coincidence model for the photoperiodic induction of gonadal recrudescence. In this model, the coincidence of light period with photoinducible phase of the underlying circadian rhythm of photosensitivity (Kumar et al, 2010) causes switching in expression of type 2 and 3 deiodinase enzymes (Dio2 and Dio3) that enables a metabolic cascade in response to T3 hormone, resulting in gonadal maturation (for details see Cassone & Yoshimura, 2022; Nakao et al, 2008; Surbhi & Kumar, 2014; Yoshimura et al, 2003). If this model system is envisioned for the photoperiodic induction of the migratory phenotype, then it needs to be explained how the regulatory system responds similarly to increasing spring and decreasing autumn photoperiods, when both spring and autumn Zugunruhe broadly look similar in their characteristics (see below, Sharma et al, 2018).…”

Section: Photoperiodismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Birds developed Zugunruhe under 13 L photoperiod, and free ran under LLdim with two separable clock controlled activity components, one with reference to the daytime activity onsets, and the other with reference to nighttime activity onsets (right graph panel). The graphs were plotted using original data from Rani et al (2006) gonadal maturation (for details see Cassone & Yoshimura, 2022;Nakao et al, 2008;Surbhi & Kumar, 2014;Yoshimura et al, 2003). If this model system is envisioned for the photoperiodic induction of the migratory phenotype, then it needs to be explained how the regulatory system responds similarly to increasing spring and decreasing autumn photoperiods, when both spring and autumn Zugunruhe broadly look similar in their characteristics (see below, Sharma et al, 2018).…”

Section: Photoperiodismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control and adaptability of seasonal changes in behavior and physiology of latitudinal avian migrants: Insights from laboratory studies in Palearctic‐Indian migratory buntings

2022

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Twice‐a‐year migrations, one in autumn and the other in spring, occur within a discrete time window with striking alterations in the behavior and physiology, as regulated by the interaction of endogenous rhythms with prevailing photoperiod. These seasonal voyages are not isolated events; rather, they are part of an overall annual itinerary and remain closely coupled to the other annual subcycles, called seasonal life history states (LHSs). The success of migration depends on appropriate timing of the initiation and termination of each LHS, for example, reproduction, molt, summer nonmigratory, preautumn migratory (fattening and weight gain), autumn migratory, winter nonmigratory (wnM), prevernal (spring) migratory (fattening and weight gain), and spring migratory LHSs. Migration‐linked photoperiod‐induced changes include the body fattening and weight gain, nocturnal Zugunruhe (migratory restlessness), elevated triglycerides and free fatty acids, triiodothyronine and corticosterone levels. Hypothalamic expression of the thyroid hormone‐responsive dio2 and dio3, light‐responsive per2, cry1, and adcyap1 and th (tyrosine hydroxylase, involved in dopamine biosynthesis) genes also show significant changes with transition from wnM to the vernal migratory LHS. Concurrent changes in the expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism and its transport also occur in the liver and flight muscles, respectively. Interestingly, there are clear differences in the behavioral and physiological phenotypes, and associated molecular changes, between the autumn and vernal migrations. In this review, we discuss seasonal changes in the behavior and physiology, and present molecular insights into the development of migratory phenotypes in latitudinal avian migrants, with special reference to Palearctic‐Indian migratory buntings.

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Avian migration clocks in a changing world

Helm,

Liedvogel

2024

J Comp Physiol A

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Avian long-distance migration requires refined programming to orchestrate the birds’ movements on annual temporal and continental spatial scales. Programming is particularly important as long-distance movements typically anticipate future environmental conditions. Hence, migration has long been of particular interest in chronobiology. Captivity studies using a proxy, the shift to nocturnality during migration seasons (i.e., migratory restlessness), have revealed circannual and circadian regulation, as well as an innate sense of direction. Thanks to rapid development of tracking technology, detailed information from free-flying birds, including annual-cycle data and actograms, now allows relating this mechanistic background to behaviour in the wild. Likewise, genomic approaches begin to unravel the many physiological pathways that contribute to migration. Despite these advances, it is still unclear how migration programmes are integrated with specific environmental conditions experienced during the journey. Such knowledge is imminently important as temporal environments undergo rapid anthropogenic modification. Migratory birds as a group are not dealing well with the changes, yet some species show remarkable adjustments at behavioural and genetic levels. Integrated research programmes and interdisciplinary collaborations are needed to understand the range of responses of migratory birds to environmental change, and more broadly, the functioning of timing programmes under natural conditions.

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Circannual cycles and photoperiodism

Cited by 6 publications

References 140 publications

Endocrine–circadian interactions in birds: implications when nights are no longer dark

Endocrine–circadian interactions in birds: implications when nights are no longer dark

Control and adaptability of seasonal changes in behavior and physiology of latitudinal avian migrants: Insights from laboratory studies in Palearctic‐Indian migratory buntings

Avian migration clocks in a changing world

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