Circadian variation in urinary excretion of ciprofloxacin after a single-dose oral administration at 1000 and 2200 hours in human subjects

Abstract

Ciprofloxacin is routinely prescribed to treat a variety of infections, including those of the urinary tract. To achieve optimum therapeutic benefits of the drug, all of the factors which influence its pharmacokinetics and effectiveness need to be determined. This study investigated the urinary excretion kinetics of ciprofloxacin upon oral administration of a single dose of 250 mg at 1000 or 2200 h in 12 healthy human subjects in a crossover design. The urine samples were analyzed for unchanged ciprofloxacin by a sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography method. A significant decrease in the rate and extent of ciprofloxacin excretion following 2200 h (109.59 versus 53.8 mg [P < 0.05]) administration was observed. This result may be due to circadian changes in the factors affecting renal excretion and also probably metabolism of ciprofloxacin.

Chronopharmacokinetics of Imipenem in the Rat

“…Boulamery et al 966 circadian-time dependent in rodents (Pons et al, 1996). These data agree with previously reported higher values of renal clearance for gentamicin, amikacin, tobramycin, and ampicillin in rodents (Lin et al, 1994;MesnardRici & White, 1998;Rao et al, 1997;Rebuelto et al, 2003aRebuelto et al, , 2003bWhite et al, 1995;Yoshiyama et al, 1993) and cephalexin in dogs (Prados et al, 2007) during the nocturnal activity span.…”

“…Some studies have reported circadian rhythm dependencies in the pharmacokinetics of certain antimicrobial agents (gentamicin, tobramicin, ampicillin, isepamicin, amphotericin B, cephalexin, cephtriaxone, and norfloxacin) in the rat, dogs, or man (Lin et al, 1994;Mesnard-Rici & White, 1998;Prados et al, 2007;Rao et al, 1997;Rebuelto et al, 2003aRebuelto et al, , 2003bWhite et al, 1995;Yoshiyama et al, 1993), but the present work is the first one demonstrating chronopharmacokinetic changes in a betalactam antibiotic agent (i.e., imipenem).…”

Chronokinetic study of cefalexin in postprandial and fasting volunteers

“…Fasting (n ¼ 10) (Rao et al 1997) and amikacin (Bleyzac et al 2000) urinary elimination was greater in the morning than in the evening. As cephalexin is eliminated by renal excretion, this temporal variation in t 1/2 can be attributed partially to circadian changes in renal functions (Voogel et al 2001).…”

“…In addition, there is other diurnal variation relevant to chronokinetics in physiological (gastric emptying, gastrointestinal transit, organ perfusion rates and protein concentrations) and biochemical (pH, enzyme activity) processes (Baraldo 2008). Temporal variation has been demonstrated in humans on other antibiotics, such as amikacin (Bleyzac et al 2000), gentamicin (Choi et al 1999), netilmicin (Lucht et al 1990) and ciprofloxacin (Rao et al 1997). Also, a chronokinetics study has *Corresponding author.…”

Chronopharmacokinetics of drugs in toxicological aspects: A short review for pharmacy practitioners

“…[81] A significant decrease in the rate and extent of ciprofloxacin excretion following 10 pm administration was observed. [82] Excretion of 17-oxosteroids was also shown to be affected from circadian clock. [83]…”