Circadian typology is related to emotion regulation, metacognitive beliefs and assertiveness in healthy adults

Abstract

Circadian typology has been related to several mental health aspects such as resilience, perceived well-being, emotional intelligence and psychological symptoms and disorders. However, the relationship between circadian typology and emotion regulation, metacognitions and assertiveness, which constitute core constructs related to psychological wellbeing and psychopathology, remain unexplored. This study aims to analyze whether circadian typology is related with those three constructs, considering the possible influence of sex. 2283 participants (833 women), aged 18-60 years (30.37 ± 9.26 years), completed the reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, the Meta-Cognitions Questionnaire 30, and the Rathus Assertiveness Schedule. Main effects were observed between circadian typology and cognitive reappraisal, metacognitions, negative beliefs of uncontrollability and danger, cognitive confidence, cognitive selfconsciousness, and assertiveness (F (2,2276) > 4.80, p < 0.009, η p 2 > 0.004, in all cases).

Diurnal Preference and Correlates of Multidimensional Perfectionism, Type-D Personality, and Big Five Personality Traits

“…Consistent with the literature to date, the current outcomes highlight greater reports of adaptive personality traits (i.e., conscientiousness, personal standards, organization) in relation to morningness [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Indeed, conscientiousness appears to be one of the most reliable predictors of a diurnal preference [ 29 ], whereby morning individuals have previously evidenced a more adaptive attitude towards future-oriented behavior, and greater reports of metacognitive behavior and impulse control, compared with their evening-type counterparts [ 15 , 30 , 31 ]. Supporting this notion, the current results evidenced that morningness is associated with the propensity to maintain a high standard of order, organization, and personal standards.…”

“…These outcomes are in line with previous research highlighting the prevalence of potentially aversive traits amongst evening types, including emotional instability [ 14 ], risk-taking behavior [ 5 ], reduced behavioral activation and positive affect [ 6 ], trait-like anxiety [ 4 ], and psychopathy [ 7 ]. With this in mind, evening-type individuals often display difficulties in emotion regulation and adaptive coping, and particularly when faced with stress [ 29 , 30 ]. Likewise, emotional difficulties are frequently related to increased reactivity to negative emotions and poor self-concept (i.e., negative affect) [ 32 ], as well as dimensions of perfectionism [ 33 , 34 ], which are considered maladaptive (i.e., doubts and concerns over mistakes).…”

“…Likewise, emotional difficulties are frequently related to increased reactivity to negative emotions and poor self-concept (i.e., negative affect) [ 32 ], as well as dimensions of perfectionism [ 33 , 34 ], which are considered maladaptive (i.e., doubts and concerns over mistakes). Recent evidence indicates that evening-type individuals exhibit maladaptive metacognitive beliefs and emotion-regulation difficulties [ 30 ]. Here, morning-type individuals were more efficient at adequately deploying cognitive reappraisal strategies (i.e., the reinterpretation of an emotion-eliciting situation in a way that alters its meaning and changes its emotional impact) when required.…”

Changes in subjective sleep quality in patients with type 2 diabetes who did not use Sleep agents: a cross-sectional study according to age and clinical background

“…It is composed of five items with a total score range of 4-25. Individuals are assigned to one of the three possible circadian typologies: 4-11 for the evening type, 12-17 for the neither type, and 18-25 for the morning type [15]. The questionnaires were distributed by the physicians at each outpatient visit, and patients answered either at the clinic or at home (n = 472).…”

A Population-Level Analysis of Changes in Circadian Rhythms and Sleep and Their Association with Negative Emotions during the Outbreak of COVID-19 in China

“…Circadian rhythm disturbances cause sleep disorders, metabolic diseases, and decreased immunity [7]. Circadian typology is tightly related to mental health aspects including emotion regulation, and circadian misalignment accounts for increased mood vulnerability [8,9]. Moreover, circadian desynchronization is related to several mood disorders, including depression, seasonal affective disorder, and bipolar syndrome [10][11][12][13][14].…”