Circadian Rhythms, Sleep, Immunity, and Fragility in the Elderly: The Model of the Susceptibility to Infections

Garbarino, Sergio; Lanteri, Paola; Sannita, Walter G.; Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi; Scoditti, Egeria

doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.558417

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…Lack of physical activity and poor nutrition during confinement periods such as lockdown and stressful conditions can affect the sleep cycle ( Gualano et al, 2020 ). The amount and quality of sleep and circadian rhythm are known to affect the brain's functioning significantly and could alter immunological parameter Sergio ( Garbarino et al, 2020 ). Studies show that regular practice of Surya namaskar is helpful in terms of improving alertness and reducing worry and negative emotions ( Rocha et al, 2012 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yoga and meditation, an essential tool to alleviate stress and enhance immunity to emerging infections: A perspective on the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on students

Dalpati

Jena

Jain

et al. 2022

Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health

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The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has negatively impacted the global healthcare and economic systems worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic has also created an emotional and psychological pandemic among people of all ages irrespective of economic status and physical wellbeing. As a consequence of prolonged lockdowns, one of the most severely affected age groups globally is the young adults' group, especially students. Uncertainties in the academic calendar, restricted outdoor activities, and unusual daily routines during lockdowns led to higher incidences of stress, anxiety, and depression among students worldwide. In this review, we summarise the available evidence on the effect of lockdowns on students and discuss possible positive impacts of yoga and meditation on various psychological, emotional, and immunological parameters, which can significantly influence the general wellbeing and academic performance of students. Perspectives shared in the review will also bring awareness on how yoga and meditation could boost students' performance and assist them in maintaining physical and mental wellbeing during stressful conditions such as future epidemics and pandemics with novel infections. This information could help create better educational curriculums and healthy routines for students.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yoga and meditation, an essential tool to alleviate stress and enhance immunity to emerging infections: A perspective on the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on students

Dalpati

Jena

Jain

et al. 2022

Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health

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“…Sleep patterns and need are influenced by a complex interplay between chronological age, maturation stage, genetic, behavioral, environmental, and social factors [2][3][4][5][6] . Adults should sleep a minimum of 7 h per night to promote optimal health 7,8 .Besides medical problems including obstructive sleep apnea and insomnia, factors associated mostly with the modern 24/7 society, such as work and social demands, smartphone addiction, and poor diet [9][10][11] , contribute to cause the current phenomenon of chronic sleep deprivation, i.e., sleeping less than the recommended amount or, better to say, the intrinsic sleep need 12 .Sleep deprivation may be categorized as acute or chronic. Acute sleep deprivation refers to no sleep or reduction in the usual total sleep time, usually lasting 1-2 days, with waking time extending beyond the typical 16-18 h. Chronic sleep deprivation is defined by the Third Edition of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders as a disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness caused by routine sleeping less than the amount required for optimal functioning and health maintenance, almost every day for at least 3 months 13 .Population studies reported a stably increasing prevalence of adults sleeping less than 6 h per night over a long period 12,14,15 , also affecting children and adolescents 16,17 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of sleep deprivation in immune-related disease risk and outcomes

et al. 2021

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Modern societies are experiencing an increasing trend of reduced sleep duration, with nocturnal sleeping time below the recommended ranges for health. Epidemiological and laboratory studies have demonstrated detrimental effects of sleep deprivation on health. Sleep exerts an immune-supportive function, promoting host defense against infection and inflammatory insults. Sleep deprivation has been associated with alterations of innate and adaptive immune parameters, leading to a chronic inflammatory state and an increased risk for infectious/inflammatory pathologies, including cardiometabolic, neoplastic, autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review recent advancements on the immune responses to sleep deprivation as evidenced by experimental and epidemiological studies, the pathophysiology, and the role for the sleep deprivation-induced immune changes in increasing the risk for chronic diseases. Gaps in knowledge and methodological pitfalls still remain. Further understanding of the causal relationship between sleep deprivation and immune deregulation would help to identify individuals at risk for disease and to prevent adverse health outcomes.

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“…Similar neuroendocrine-immune alterations become evident during aging [7]. Immune changes in the elderly are summarized as inflammaging or immunosenescence and encompass SCI, loss of Tearly due to thymic involution, inflation of senescent Tlate, and immunodeficiency [90,91].…”

Section: Other Time Dimensions and Influences Relevant For Immune-cel...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is beyond the scope of this review to discuss in detail the effects of sex and age in this context. Therefore, the interested reader is referred to other publications discussing these effects in more depth [e.g., 7 ] (see also chapters “ Other time dimensions and influences relevant for immune-cell rhythms ” and “ Conclusions, clinical implications, and outlook ”).…”

Section: Robust Rhythms In Human Blood Leukocyte Countsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The contribution of sleep to the neuroendocrine regulation of rhythms in human leukocyte traffic

2022

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Twenty-four-hour rhythms in immune parameters and functions are robustly observed phenomena in biomedicine. Here, we summarize the important role of sleep and associated parameters on the neuroendocrine regulation of rhythmic immune cell traffic to different compartments, with a focus on human leukocyte subsets. Blood counts of “stress leukocytes” such as neutrophils, natural killer cells, and highly differentiated cytotoxic T cells present a rhythm with a daytime peak. It is mediated by morning increases in epinephrine, leading to a mobilization of these cells out of the marginal pool into the circulation following a fast, beta2-adrenoceptor-dependent inhibition of adhesive integrin signaling. In contrast, other subsets such as eosinophils and less differentiated T cells are redirected out of the circulation during daytime. This is mediated by stimulation of the glucocorticoid receptor following morning increases in cortisol, which promotes CXCR4-driven leukocyte traffic, presumably to the bone marrow. Hence, these cells show highest numbers in blood at night when cortisol levels are lowest. Sleep adds to these rhythms by actively suppressing epinephrine and cortisol levels. In addition, sleep increases levels of immunosupportive mediators, such as aldosterone and growth hormone, which are assumed to promote T-cell homing to lymph nodes, thus facilitating the initiation of adaptive immune responses during sleep. Taken together, sleep–wake behavior with its unique neuroendocrine changes regulates human leukocyte traffic with overall immunosupportive effects during nocturnal sleep. In contrast, integrin de-activation and redistribution of certain leukocytes to the bone marrow during daytime activity presumably serves immune regulation and homeostasis.

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Circadian Rhythms, Sleep, Immunity, and Fragility in the Elderly: The Model of the Susceptibility to Infections

Cited by 9 publications

References 36 publications

Yoga and meditation, an essential tool to alleviate stress and enhance immunity to emerging infections: A perspective on the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on students

Yoga and meditation, an essential tool to alleviate stress and enhance immunity to emerging infections: A perspective on the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on students

Role of sleep deprivation in immune-related disease risk and outcomes

The contribution of sleep to the neuroendocrine regulation of rhythms in human leukocyte traffic

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