Circadian Rhythms of Sexual Behavior and Pheromone Titers of Two Closely Related Moth Species Autographa gamma and Cornutiplusia circumflexa1

Mazor, Michal; Dunkelblum, E.

doi:10.1007/s10886-005-6082-7

Cited by 31 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Others report the proportion of females calling (Hendrikse 1979) or how early calling begins each night (Delisle and McNeil 1987;Kou and Chow 1987;Delisle 1992). Several studies report changes in calling bout number and bout length (Howlader and Gerber 1986;Jacas and Peña 2002;Mazor and Dunkelblum 2005;Ming et al 2007), with calling bout defined as a period of time over which a female is observed in the characteristic position of raising her abdomen and periodically everting her ovipositor.…”

Section: Empirical Evidence On Female Signaling Effortmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increasing calling rate with age may be a behavioral strategy for older females to cope with a physiologically driven decline in pheromone production (Webster and Cardé 1982;Delisle and Royer 1994;Mazor and Dunkelblum 2005). Unfortunately, data for both traits together exist for only 12 species in 13 studies (table 1).…”

Section: Interpretation Of Empirical and Theoretical Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

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The Mothematics of Female Pheromone Signaling: Strategies for Aging Virgins

Umbers¹,

Symonds

Kokko

2015

The American Naturalist

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Although females rarely experience strong mate limitation, delays or lifelong problems of mate acquisition are detrimental to female fitness. In systems where males search for females via pheromone plumes, it is often difficult to assess whether female signaling is costly. Direct costs include the energetics of pheromone production and attention from unwanted eavesdroppers, such as parasites, parasitoids, and predators. Suboptimal outcomes are also possible from too many or too few mating events or near-simultaneous arrival of males who make unwanted mating attempts (even if successfully thwarted). We show that, in theory, even small costs can lead to a scenario where young females signal less intensely (lower pheromone concentration and/or shorter time spent signaling) and increase signaling effort only as they age and gather evidence (while still virgin) on whether sperm limitation threatens their reproductive success. Our synthesis of the empirical data available on Lepidoptera supports this prediction for one frequently reported component of signalingtime spent calling (often reported as the time of onset of calling at night)-but not for another, pheromone titer. This difference is explicable under the plausible but currently untested assumption that signaling earlier than other females each night is a more reliable way of increasing the probability of acquiring at least one mate than producing a more concentrated pheromone plume. Submitted February 24, 2014; Accepted October 3, 2014; Electronically published February 2, 2015 Online enhancement: appendix.abstract: Although females rarely experience strong mate limitation, delays or lifelong problems of mate acquisition are detrimental to female fitness. In systems where males search for females via pheromone plumes, it is often difficult to assess whether female signaling is costly. Direct costs include the energetics of pheromone production and attention from unwanted eavesdroppers, such as parasites, parasitoids, and predators. Suboptimal outcomes are also possible from too many or too few mating events or near-simultaneous arrival of males who make unwanted mating attempts (even if successfully thwarted). We show that, in theory, even small costs can lead to a scenario where young females signal less intensely (lower pheromone concentration and/or shorter time spent signaling) and increase signaling effort only as they age and gather evidence (while still virgin) on whether sperm limitation threatens their reproductive success. Our synthesis of the empirical data available on Lepidoptera supports this prediction for one frequently reported component of signaling-time spent calling (often reported as the time of onset of calling at night)-but not for another, pheromone titer. This difference is explicable under the plausible but currently untested assumption that signaling earlier than other females each night is a more reliable way of increasing the probability of acquiring at least one mate than producing a more concentrated pheromone plume.

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Section: Empirical Evidence On Female Signaling Effortmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interpretation Of Empirical and Theoretical Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

The Mothematics of Female Pheromone Signaling: Strategies for Aging Virgins

Umbers¹,

Symonds

Kokko

2015

The American Naturalist

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“…Some other species showed a similar synchronous relationship between calling and the amount of pheromone with the change of age or time, such as Spodoptera exigua, Autographa gamma, Cornutiplusia circumflexa, Isoceras sibirica, and Agrotis ipsilon (Dong & Du 2001;Mazor & Dunkelblum 2005;Xiang et al 2010;Liu et al 2013). This coincidence between pheromone production and female calling indicates a common regulatory mechanism for both processes (Gemeno & Haynes 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Specifically, the advanced onset time of calling with increase in age in Lepidopteran species is an adaptation that permits older females to increase their chances of mating before younger females start calling (Delisle & Royer 1994). Older females would be at a disadvantage compared to younger ones if they did not extend their calling period (Delisle & Royer 1994;Mazor & Dunkelblum 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodical and Age-Related Variation in Sexual Communication of the Legume Pod Borer,Maruca vitrata(Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

Wang

Lei

et al. 2015

African Entomology

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“…There are typically species-specific peaks in pheromone release during the light:dark cycle; however, exact onset and duration is modulated by age and abiotic factors (Dreisig, 1986;Delisle and McNiel, 1987;McNeil, 1991;Rosén, 2002;Silvegren et al, 2005;Mazor and Dunkelblum, 2005). Some have reported that aphids release sex pheromone only during the photophase (Marsh, 1972;Eisenbach and Mittler, 1980;Eisenbach and Mittler, 1987) and in sympatric situations there is some evidence that pheromone release during the photophase is divided according to the aphid sub-species (Guldemond and Dixon, 1994;Thieme and Dixon, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure, ratios and patterns of release in the sex pheromone of an aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea

Stewart‐Jones

Dewhirst

Durrant

et al. 2007

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY Insect communication is primarily via chemicals. In Aphidinae aphids, the structure and ratio of iridoid (monoterpenoid) chemicals are known to be important components of the sex pheromone. However, for enhanced species specificity, it has been suggested that release of sex pheromone might be restricted to a narrow time period within the diel cycle. Here, we determine the structure, ratios and release patterns of iridoid chemicals produced by a serious global pest, the rosy apple aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea. Volatiles were collected from batches of oviparae (sexual females) and chemicals identified by gas chromatography, mass-spectrometry and microscale NMR spectroscopy.(1R,4aS,7S,7aR)-Nepetalactol and(4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactone were detected in a 3.7:1 ratio. To investigate timing of release, we constructed a sequential sampling device that allowed volatile chemicals to be captured hourly from 95 same-aged oviparae over 20 consecutive days. Release patterns of the two sex pheromone components show that D. plantaginea oviparae release high levels of the two components during photophase and low levels during scotophase. Release of the two components increased significantly during the first 3 h of photophase and thereafter remained at a high level until the onset of scotophase. The ratio of(1R,4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactol to(4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactone released did not change significantly between days two to 14 of the adult stadium, but from the 15th day onward there was a significant decrease in the relative amount of(1R,4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactol. Pheromone release was greatest on the eighth day of the adult stadium, with up to 8.4 ng of pheromone released per ovipara per hour. This is the first report on the full structural identification and ratios of volatile iridoid components collected from D. plantaginea oviparae and is also the most detailed temporal study on sex pheromone release from any aphid species. The lack of a temporally narrow and distinct period of very high sex pheromone release suggests that alternative mechanisms or factors for species recognition and isolation may be important. Findings are discussed broadly in relation to the biology of the aphid.

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Circadian Rhythms of Sexual Behavior and Pheromone Titers of Two Closely Related Moth Species Autographa gamma and Cornutiplusia circumflexa1

Cited by 31 publications

References 41 publications

The Mothematics of Female Pheromone Signaling: Strategies for Aging Virgins

The Mothematics of Female Pheromone Signaling: Strategies for Aging Virgins

Periodical and Age-Related Variation in Sexual Communication of the Legume Pod Borer,Maruca vitrata(Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

Structure, ratios and patterns of release in the sex pheromone of an aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea

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