Circadian rhythms of hypothalamic norepinephrine and of some circulating substances in individually housed adult rats

Greco, Anna Maria; Gambardella, P; Sticchi, R; D'Aponte, D; Franciscis, P De

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(92)90477-j

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Therefore, in order to study the endogenous nature of the rise in plasma corticosterone at the end of the light period, it was essential that all experimental procedures could be performed without disturbing the animal. Contrary to previous results (30,31) in our hands, the basal levels of corticosterone measured in cannulated and individually housed animals were not elevated as compared to those in animals sacrificedimmediately after removal from their home cages. In spite of the continuous attachment to a metal collar and counterbalancing beam our curve is very much similar to those described recently by others using either jugular cannulation, tail vein sampling or decapitation (2,32,33).…”

Section: Methodological Considerationssupporting

confidence: 87%

Decrease of Endogenous Vasopressin Release Necessary for Expression of the Circadian Rise in Plasma Corticosterone: a Reverse Microdialysis Study

Kalsbeek

Vliet

Buijs

1996

J Neuroendocrinology

122

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The mammalian suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) contain an endogenous pacemaker that generates daily rhythms in behavior and secretion of hormones. Previously we hypothesized that the SCN imposes its circadian rhythm on the rest of the brain through a rhythmic release of its transmitters in its target areas. In the present study we employed microdialysis-mediated intracerebral administration of vasopressin (VP) and its V(1) -antagonist to study the mechanisms underlying the circadian control of the release of the adrenal hormone corticosterone. Stress-free application of the VP V(1) -antagonist in the dorsomedial hypothalamus of freely moving, undisturbed animals during the middle of the light period (i.e. the trough of the corticosterone rhythm) caused an immediate increase of circulating plasma corticosterone levels. A similar administration of VP at the end of the light period completely prevented the diurnal rise in plasma corticosterone. These results indicate a pronounced inhibitory role for SCN-derived VP at the level of the dorsomedial hypothalamus with respect to the activity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis during the day period. Thus, the daily decline in VP release sets a specific time window for the occurrence of the daily corticosterone peak. On the other hand, during the dark period corticosterone levels are decreasing together with basal VP levels. Therefore, in addition to the inhibitory VP signal from the SCN, there is also the need for an excitatory SCN signal in order to accomplish the complete circadian profile of plasma corticosterone.

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Section: Methodological Considerationssupporting

confidence: 87%

Decrease of Endogenous Vasopressin Release Necessary for Expression of the Circadian Rise in Plasma Corticosterone: a Reverse Microdialysis Study

Kalsbeek

Vliet

Buijs

1996

J Neuroendocrinology

122

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“…This finding is consistent with previous literature relating 24-hour urinary norepinephrine to physical inactivity in rhesus monkeys and sedentary lifestyle in humans (21,22). The social isolation experienced by the individually caged animals could also explain the observed elevations in catecholamine turnover (23). Nonagonistic behavior was significantly correlated with urinary epinephrine, indicating that effects of social environment unrelated to sedentary behavior may be responsible for the increased epinephrine turnover in the individually-caged group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Effect of Social Environment on Markers of Vascular Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in the Watanabe Heritable Hyperlipidemic Rabbit

Nation

Gonzales

Mendez

et al. 2008

Psychosomatic Medicine

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The results suggest that social environment creates distinct behavioral contexts that can affect markers of inflammation and oxidative stress early in the development of atherosclerosis. Specifically, physical inactivity associated with individual caging affects indices of oxidative stress and inflammation. These pathophysiological markers may help to explain behaviorally related differences in the extent of atherosclerosis observed in prior studies.

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“…The individual housing is often incorporated in the experimental during the drinking period or throughout the entire experiment. Single housing is known to induce stress (Greco et al, 1992) and increase voluntary alcohol consumption in rats (Yoshimoto et al, 2003). On the other hand, group housing may produce psychosocial stress from the hierarchy especially in male rodents (Pohorecky, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol, stress hormones, and the prefrontal cortex: A proposed pathway to the dark side of addiction

Richardson

2014

Neuroscience

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Chronic exposure to alcohol produces changes in the prefrontal cortex that are thought to contribute to the development and maintenance of alcoholism. A large body of literature suggests that stress hormones play a critical role in this process. Here we review the bi-directional relationship between alcohol and stress hormones, and discuss how alcohol acutely stimulates the release of glucocorticoids and induces enduring modifications to neuroendocrine stress circuits during the transition from non-dependent drinking to alcohol dependence. We propose a pathway by which alcohol and stress hormones elicit neuroadaptive changes in prefrontal circuitry that could contribute functionally to a dampened neuroendocrine state and the increased propensity to relapse—a spiraling trajectory that could eventually lead to dependence.

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Circadian rhythms of hypothalamic norepinephrine and of some circulating substances in individually housed adult rats

Cited by 16 publications

References 18 publications

Decrease of Endogenous Vasopressin Release Necessary for Expression of the Circadian Rise in Plasma Corticosterone: a Reverse Microdialysis Study

Decrease of Endogenous Vasopressin Release Necessary for Expression of the Circadian Rise in Plasma Corticosterone: a Reverse Microdialysis Study

The Effect of Social Environment on Markers of Vascular Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in the Watanabe Heritable Hyperlipidemic Rabbit

Alcohol, stress hormones, and the prefrontal cortex: A proposed pathway to the dark side of addiction

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