Circadian Rhythms of Histatin 1, Histatin 3, Histatin 5, Statherin and Uric Acid in Whole Human Saliva Secretion

Abstract

The circadian rhythms of histatins 1, 3, 5, of statherin and uric acid were investigated in whole human saliva. Histatins showed a rhythm approximately synchronous with salivary flow rate (acrophase around 5 pm), the higher amplitude pertaining to histatin 1 (about 50% of the mesor). Uric acid showed a large rhythm asynchronous with flow rate and histatin concentrations (4.4 ± 1.4 am). Statherin did not show a significant circadian rhythm on five of six volunteers. This finding confirms that the secretion route of statherin is different from that of histatins.

Salivary protein changes in response to acute stress in medical residents performing advanced clinical simulations: a pilot proteomics study

“…Alpha-amylase’s maximum is in the late afternoon, and its minimum is in the morning (Soo-Quee Koh and Choon-Huat Koh, 2007). The secretion of histatins is similar, and it parallels the flow rate of saliva with a maximal peak occurring in the late afternoon (Dawes, 1972, Sabatini and Azen, 1989, Castagnola et al ., 2002). These circadian rhythms were not expected to contribute greatly to present analyses though because the saliva was collected over a relatively short time period between pre- and post-emergency medicine simulation samples, minimizing any circadian rhythm influence.…”

Electron microscopic detection of statherin in secretory granules of human major salivary glands

“…For example, statherin secretion is modified to significantly different degrees in response to secretagogues and, in contrast to histatin, does not follow a circadian rhythm (Jensen et al. 1994; Castagnola et al. 2002).…”

Statherin levels in saliva of patients with precancerous and cancerous lesions of the oral cavity: a preliminary report

“…The HPLC conditions applied (column and gradient) permitted to elute salivary statherin in a chromatographic zone free from relevant contaminants, as judged by ion‐trap mass spectrometry. On this basis, quantification of statherin by its tyrosine content was possible (Castagnola et al , 2002). Possible loss of statherin by precipitation after freezing was checked by determining statherin concentration in two salivary samples before and after freezing alt −80°C.…”

“…Gradient development was as follows: 0% B for 1 min, linear gradient from 0 to 75% B in 45 min, linear gradient from 75 to 100% B in 1 min, 100% B for 8 min, linear gradient from 100 to 0% B in 1 min The flow‐rate during the whole gradient development was 1.0 ml min −1 the DAD window was established between 190 and 300 nm. The volume injected corresponded to 50 μ l. Quantification of statherin was carried out using the peak area at 276 nm in comparison with standards of tyrosine and on the knowledge of the tyrosin content of salivary peptides, as previously described (Castagnola et al , 2002).…”

“…In addition, statherin may function in the transport of calcium and phosphate during secretion of salivary glands. It was demonstrated that statherin concentration, differently from other salivary peptides, is not subjected to circadian rhythms (Castagnola et al , 2002). However, the role and the function of this peptide are still not well‐known.…”