Circadian rhythms in the blood–brain barrier: impact on neurological disorders and stress responses

Schurhoff, Nicolette; Toborek, Michał

doi:10.1186/s13041-023-00997-0

Cited by 28 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 225 publications

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“…The structure and function of all components of NVU, including the endothelium, pericytes, astrocytes, and tight junctions, are under circadian regulation (Schurhoff and Toborek, 2023), which, in turn, impacts the permeability of the BBB (Skapetze et al, 2023). Although it is well known that many components of NVU and BBB are under the circadian regulation (reviewed in Schurhoff and Toborek, 2023; Skapetze et al, 2023), SCN neurovascular coupling within the SCN is not well understood. Using animal models deficient in vasoactive peptides of the SCN and/or their receptors may contribute to understanding neurovascular regulation in this nucleus (Takeda et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vasculature of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: Pathways for Diffusible Output Signals

et al. 2023

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Transplant studies demonstrate unequivocally that the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) produces diffusible signals that can sustain circadian locomotor rhythms. There is a vascular portal pathway between the SCN and the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis in mouse brain. Portal pathways enable low concentrations of neurosecretions to reach specialized local targets without dilution in the systemic circulation. To explore the SCN vasculature and the capillary vessels whereby SCN neurosecretions might reach portal vessels, we investigated the blood vessels (BVs) of the core and shell SCN. The arterial supply of the SCN differs among animals, and in some animals, there are differences between the 2 sides. The rostral SCN is supplied by branches from either the superior hypophyseal artery (SHpA) or the anterior cerebral artery or the anterior communicating artery. The caudal SCN is consistently supplied by the SHpA. The rostral SCN is drained by the preoptic vein, while the caudal is drained by the basal vein, with variations in laterality of draining vessels. In addition, several key features of the core and shell SCN regions differ: Median BV diameter is significantly smaller in the shell than the core based on confocal image measurements, and a similar trend occurs in iDISCO-cleared tissue. In the cleared tissue, whole BV length density and surface area density are significantly greater in the shell than the core. Finally, capillary length density is also greater in the shell than the core. The results suggest three hypotheses: First, the distinct arterial and venous systems of the rostral and caudal SCN may contribute to the in vivo variations of metabolic and neural activities observed in SCN networks. Second, the dense capillaries of the SCN shell are well positioned to transport blood-borne signals. Finally, variations in SCN vascular supply and drainage may contribute to inter-animal differences.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vasculature of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: Pathways for Diffusible Output Signals

et al. 2023

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“…CLOCK regulates the expression of several genes involved in the circadian cycle. CLOCK regulates the permeability of the BBB, blood pressure, and heart rhythm [40] [41], process already dysregulated due to COVID-19 infection [34] [42] [43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-Cov2 seasonality and adaptation are driven by solar activity.

Gonzalez-Lugo¹

2023

Preprint

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Since its isolation in Wuhan SARS-Cov2 showed a high mutation rate hindering the ability to properly characterize. Also as a consequence of its size, traditional sequence analysis methods were computationally constrained. However, applying variational autoencoders (VAEs) to a custom sequence representation results in a series of clusters sorted by the sunshine duration (SD) rate of change (SDRC). The transition between clusters is characterized by changes in viral genome size, apparent deletions can be found throughout the SARS-Cov2 genome. This series of deletions might behave as an internal clock inside the genome. Using SD-derived features as a time scale results in synchronizing COVID-19 cases into a single period. Both SD-derived features and solar features correlate with COVID-19 cases, except for wavelengths at the SWIR band, pointing towards a solar-dependent seasonality. Further development of analysis techniques will help us to better understand the seasonality and adaptation of pathogenic organisms.

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“…Disruption of circadian rhythms in the BBB may promote protein accumulation and amyloid plaques formation. 128 Effective removal of amyloid beta through the BBB relies on both ABCB1 (ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1) and LRP1 (low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1) for PICALM (phosphatidylinositol binding clathrin assembly protein)-mediated transcytosis through BBB endothelium. 188 Furthermore,…”

Section: Transport Across the Blood-brain Interfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian Biology and the Neurovascular Unit

Li,

Tiedt,

Lawrence

et al. 2024

Circulation Research

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Mammalian physiology and cellular function are subject to significant oscillations over the course of every 24-hour day. It is likely that these daily rhythms will affect function as well as mechanisms of disease in the central nervous system. In this review, we attempt to survey and synthesize emerging studies that investigate how circadian biology may influence the neurovascular unit. We examine how circadian clocks may operate in neural, glial, and vascular compartments, review how circadian mechanisms regulate cell-cell signaling, assess interactions with aging and vascular comorbidities, and finally ask whether and how circadian effects and disruptions in rhythms may influence the risk and progression of pathophysiology in cerebrovascular disease. Overcoming identified challenges and leveraging opportunities for future research might support the development of novel circadian-based treatments for stroke.

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Circadian rhythms in the blood–brain barrier: impact on neurological disorders and stress responses

Cited by 28 publications

References 225 publications

Vasculature of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: Pathways for Diffusible Output Signals

Vasculature of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: Pathways for Diffusible Output Signals

SARS-Cov2 seasonality and adaptation are driven by solar activity.

Circadian Biology and the Neurovascular Unit

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