Circadian Rhythms in Sports Performance—an Update

Drust, Barry; Waterhouse, Jim; Atkinson, Greg; Edwards, Benjamin; Reilly, Thomas

doi:10.1081/cbi-200041039

Cited by 480 publications

(341 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Not surprisingly therefore, most researches (Atkinson and Reilly, 1996) have concentrated on describing the various rhythms and discussing the impact on real sports competitions, rather than elucidating the root causes of circadian rhythmicity in sport performance (Drust et al, 2005). The present investigation was aimed at testing whether there are seasonal variations of daily activity rhythms in athletic horses and whether they are influenced by feeding schedule.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Seasonal variations in daily rhythms of activity in athletic horses

Bertolucci

Giannetto

Fazio

et al. 2008

Animal

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Circadian rhythms reflect extensive programming of biological activity that meets and exploits the challenges and opportunities offered by the periodic nature of the environment. In the present investigation, we recorded the total activity of athletic horses kept at four different times of the year (vernal equinox, summer solstice, autumn equinox and winter solstice), to evaluate the presence of seasonal variations of daily activity rhythms. Athletic Thoroughbred horses were kept in individual boxes with paddock. Digitally integrated measure of total activity of each mare was continuously recorded by actigraphy-based data loggers. Horse total activities were not evenly distributed over the day, but they were mainly diurnal during the year. Daily activity rhythms showed clear seasonal variations, with the highest daily amount of activity during the vernal equinox and the lowest during the winter solstice. Interestingly, the amount of activity during either photophase or scotophase changed significantly throughout the year. Circadian analysis of horse activities showed that the acrophase, the estimated time at which the peak of the rhythm occurs, did not change during the year, it always occurred in the middle of the photoperiod. Analysing the time structure of long-term and continuously measured activity and feeding could be a useful method to critically evaluate athletic horse management systems in which spontaneous locomotor activity and feeding are severely limited. Circadian rhythms are present in several elements of sensory motor and psychomotor functions and these would be taken into consideration to plan the training schedules and competitions in athletic horses.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Seasonal variations in daily rhythms of activity in athletic horses

Bertolucci

Giannetto

Fazio

et al. 2008

Animal

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“…Time of day for testing was held constant (10:00± 01:00 h) to control for the effects of daily variation in performance (Drust et al 2005) and HSP expression (Sandström et al 2009;Taylor et al 2010b).…”

Section: Experimental Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Hsp72 concentration relates to a minimum endogenous criteria during acute exercise-heat exposure

Gibson

Alex

Parfitt

et al. 2014

Cell Stress and Chaperones

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Extracellular heat shock protein 72 (eHsp72) concentration increases during exercise-heat stress when conditions elicit physiological strain. Differences in severity of environmental and exercise stimuli have elicited varied response to stress. The present study aimed to quantify the extent of increased eHsp72 with increased exogenous heat stress, and determine related endogenous markers of strain in an exercise-heat model. Ten males cycled for 90 min at 50 % V : O 2peak in three conditions (TEMP, 20°C/63 % RH; HOT, 30.2°C/51%RH; VHOT, 40.0°C/37%RH). Plasma was analysed for eHsp72 pre, immediately post and 24-h post each trial utilising a commercially available ELISA. Increased eHsp72 concentration was observed post VHOT trial (+172.4 %) (p <0.05), but not TEMP (−1.9 %) or HOT (+25.7 %) conditions. eHsp72 returned to baseline values within 24 h in all conditions. Changes were observed in rectal temperature (T rec ), rate of T rec increase, area under the curve for T rec of 38.5 and 39.0°C, duration T rec ≥38.5 and ≥39.0°C, and change in muscle temperature, between VHOT, and TEMP and HOT, but not between TEMP and HOT. Each condition also elicited significantly increasing physiological strain, described by sweat rate, heart rate, physiological strain index, rating of perceived exertion and thermal sensation.Stepwise multiple regression reported rate of T rec increase and change in T rec to be predictors of increased eHsp72 concentration. Data suggests eHsp72 concentration increases once systemic temperature and sympathetic activity exceeds a minimum endogenous criteria elicited during VHOT conditions and is likely to be modulated by large, rapid changes in core temperature.

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“…Os jogadores foram familiarizados com as configurações de pequenos jogos e com os equipamentos de coleta de dados durante a semana número 1. Nas semanas dois a quatro, os jogadores realizaram os pequenos jogos em igualdade numérica (3vs.3), com intervalo de pelo menos 48h entre eles, em um campo de grama natural nos mesmos horários do dia para minimizar os efeitos do ciclo circadiano 21 . Reporta-se na literatura diferença nos comportamentos físicos durante partidas de Futebol 7 .…”

Section: Métodosunclassified

Demandas Físicas São Influenciadas Pelo Estatuto Posicional Em Pequenos Jogos De Futebol?

Praça

Custódio

Silva

et al. 2017

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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Introdução: Pequenos jogos são utilizados no treinamento de jogadores de futebol porque replicam as demandas técnicas, táticas, físicas e fisiológicas num contexto semelhante ao do jogo. Contudo, não se sabe se esse modo de treinamento é suficiente para demandar as especificidades observadas no jogo com relação ao estatuto posicional. Objetivo: Comparar a demanda física de defensores, meio-campistas e atacantes durante a realização de pequenos jogos de futebol. Métodos: Dezoito jovens jogadores de futebol (16,4 anos) participaram do estudo, divididos em seis equipes compostas por um defensor, um meio-campista e um atacante. Realizaram-se seis sessões de coleta de dados constituídas por duas séries de quatro minutos com quatro minutos de pausa passiva. Utilizou-se equipamento de GPS de 15 Hz para coleta das informações. Os dados foram analisados por meio da ANOVA One-way e teste de Kruskal-Wallis, com nível de significância em 5%. Resultados: Observou-se diferença significativa na demanda física de jogadores de diferentes estatutos posicionais. Meio-campistas percorreram maior percentual da distância em velocidades superiores, enquanto defensores apresentaram distância total reduzida, aumento da distância na velocidade inferior e redução na realização de ações de aceleração. Conclusão: Demandas físicas variam durante a realização de pequenos jogos em função do estatuto posicional.Descritores: futebol; desempenho atlético; educação física e treinamento. ABSTRACT Introduction: Small-sided games are used during soccer players' training because they replicate the technical, tactical, physical, and physiological demands in a context similar to the game. However, it is not known if this training method is sufficient to demand the specificities observed in the game in relation to

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Circadian Rhythms in Sports Performance—an Update

Cited by 480 publications

References 66 publications

Seasonal variations in daily rhythms of activity in athletic horses

Seasonal variations in daily rhythms of activity in athletic horses

Extracellular Hsp72 concentration relates to a minimum endogenous criteria during acute exercise-heat exposure

Demandas Físicas São Influenciadas Pelo Estatuto Posicional Em Pequenos Jogos De Futebol?

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