Circadian Rhythms in Isolated Brain Regions

Abe, Michikazu; Herzog, Erik D.; Yamazaki, Shin; Straume, Martin; Tei, Hajime; Sakaki, Yoshiyuki; Menaker, Michael; Block, Gene D.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.22-01-00350.2002

Cited by 569 publications

(554 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The mechanisms regulating gene expression in the pineal gland are rather complex since gene transcription in this organ is controlled by both the central clock in the SCN via the NE pathway as well as via circadian clocks present in the pineal gland (Abe et al, 2002;Fukuhara et al, 2005). Based on our previous and present studies, it is apparent that a sub-group of gene expression is directly triggered by NE (Table 3) ; whereas a second set of genes (i.e., the ones that peaked during the day or later at night) may be regulated by the circadian clock or by pathways that are indirectly activated by NE.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of daily and circadian gene expression in the rat pineal gland

Fukuhara¹,

Tosini²

2008

Neuroscience Research

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The mammalian pineal gland is an important component of the circadian system. In the present study, we examined the expression of roughly 8000 genes in the rat pineal gland as a function of time of day under light-dark (LD) cycles and in constant dark (DD) using oligo DNA microarray technique. We identified 47 and 13 genes that showed higher levels at night and day, respectively, under LD. The same patterns of expression were also observed in DD. About half of the genes that peaked at night have a known biological function, i.e., transcription factors and proteins that are involved in signaling cascades, whereas 14 are expressed sequence tags and 8 have an unknown biological function. Twelve of the genes that are up-regulated at night were also up-regulated after 1 h NE stimulation, thus suggesting that the expression of these genes is controlled by adrenergic mechanisms. Of the 13 genes that were up-regulated in the daytime, 6 coded for proteins that are involved in intracellular signaling pathways. The results obtained with microarray analysis were well correlated with data obtained using real time quantitative RT-PCR. The present results provide new materials to dissect and understand the pineal physiology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of daily and circadian gene expression in the rat pineal gland

Fukuhara¹,

Tosini²

2008

Neuroscience Research

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“…Culture procedures are identical to those described in [36] and [1]. Briefly rats were killed with CO 2 overanesthesia followed by decapitation.…”

Section: Culture Preparation and Bioluminescence Recordingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resetting of central and peripheral circadian oscillators in aged rats

Davidson

Yamazaki

Arble

et al. 2008

Neurobiology of Aging

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115

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The mammalian circadian timing system is affected by aging. Analysis of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and of other circadian oscillators reveals age-related changes which are most profound in extra-SCN tissues. Some extra-SCN oscillators appear to stop oscillating in vivo or display altered phase relationships. To determine whether the dynamic behavior of circadian oscillators is also affected by aging we studied the resetting behavior of the Period1 transcriptional rhythm of peripheral and central oscillators in response to a 6 hr advance or delay in the light schedule. We employed a transgenic rat with a luciferase reporter to allow for real-time measurements of transcriptional rhythmicity. While phase-resetting in the SCN following an advance or a delay of the light cycle appears nearly normal in 2-year old rats, resynchronization of the liver was seriously disrupted. In addition, the arcuate nucleus and pineal gland exhibited faster resetting in aged rats relative to 4-8 month-old controls. The consequences of these deficits are unknown, but may contribute to organ and brain diseases in the aged as well as the health problems that are common in older shift-workers.

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“…Discovery of the genes regulating circadian rhythmicity led to breakthroughs identifying clock genes and their protein products in numerous sites, including extra-SCN brain loci and in the periphery (Abe et al, 2002;Balsalobre et al, 1998;Kriegsfeld et al, 2003;Yamazaki et al, 2000). These findings, in turn, led to questions about the unique nature of the master oscillator in the SCN, the functional significance of extra-SCN oscillators, and mechanisms of coordination of these widely dispersed clocks.…”

Section: Identification Of a Brain "Clock": From Tissue To Genementioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is substantial evidence of direct projections from the SCN to neuroendocrine cells Horvath et al, 1998;Kriegsfeld et al, 2002a,b;Teclemariam-Mesbah et al, 1997;Van der Beek et al, 1997a, b;Vrang et al, 1995). Expression of the clock gene, Per1, is rhythmically expressed in the Arc (Abe et al, 2002) and exhibits a stress-induced increase in the PVH (Abe et al, 2002;Takahashi et al, 2001). Per1 has been localized to CRH-ir cells in the PVH (Takahashi et al, 2001), while the neurochemical phenotype of Per1-expressing cells in the Arc has been identified as dopaminergic providing a potential mechanism of control of prolactin rhythms and the preovulatory prolactin surge (Kriegsfeld et al, 2003).…”

Section: The Top Of the Hierarchy: Neural Scn Outputmentioning

confidence: 99%

The regulation of neuroendocrine function: Timing is everything

Kriegsfeld

Silver

2006

Hormones and Behavior

129

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Hormone secretion is highly organized temporally, achieving optimal biological functioning and health. The master clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus coordinates the timing of circadian rhythms, including daily control of hormone secretion. In the brain, the SCN drives hormone secretion. In some instances, SCN neurons make direct synaptic connections with neurosecretory neurons. In other instances, SCN signals set the phase of "clock genes" that regulate circadian function at the cellular level within neurosecretory cells. The protein products of these clock genes can also exert direct transcriptional control over neuroendocrine releasing factors. Clock genes and proteins are also expressed in peripheral endocrine organs providing additional modes of temporal control. Finally, the SCN signals endocrine glands via the autonomic nervous system, allowing for rapid regulation via multisynaptic pathways. Thus, the circadian system achieves temporal regulation of endocrine function by a combination of genetic, cellular, and neural regulatory mechanisms to ensure that each response occurs in its correct temporal niche. The availability of tools to assess the phase of molecular/cellular clocks and of powerful tract tracing methods to assess connections between "clock cells" and their targets provides an opportunity to examine circadian-controlled aspects of neurosecretion, in the search for general principles by which the endocrine system is organized. KeywordsCircadian; Diurnal; Endocrinel; Neurosecretion; Clock genes; Suprachiasmatic Circadian aspects of reproductionThe importance of circadian (about a day) timing in hormone production/secretion has been known since the 1950s when Everett and Sawyer determined that a stimulatory signal occurring during a narrow temporal window on the afternoon of proestrus is necessary for induction of ovulation later that night (Everett and Sawyer, 1950). Such close temporal organization is important for successful reproduction, as numerous hormone-dependent behavioral and physiological processes must be coordinated. If optimal temporal relationships are disrupted, pronounced deficits in fertility can result. For example, ovulation, behavioral estrus, fertilization, and pregnancy maintenance require a specific

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Circadian Rhythms in Isolated Brain Regions

Cited by 569 publications

References 33 publications

Analysis of daily and circadian gene expression in the rat pineal gland

Analysis of daily and circadian gene expression in the rat pineal gland

Resetting of central and peripheral circadian oscillators in aged rats

The regulation of neuroendocrine function: Timing is everything

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