Circadian rhythms as modulators of brain health during development and throughout aging

Drunen, Rachel Van; Eckel‐Mahan, Kristin

doi:10.3389/fncir.2022.1059229

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 162 publications

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“…The circadian rhythm, or the sleep/wake cycle is a homeostatic regulation of the cycles of alertness and sleepiness 56 . The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus is the pacemaker of the biological clock 57 . The retinohypothalamic pineal pathway is involved in this 56 .The light stimulates the SCN and GABA from there inhibits the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus, which is the major regulator of the sympathetic system.…”

Section: Circadian Rhythmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inhibition of sympathetics results in decreased secretion of melatonin from the pineal gland. Melatonin is increased during night and cortisol in morning and these promote the sleep/wake cycles 57 .The PVN produces corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) 58 . CRH stimulates the production of adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH) from the anterior pituitary.…”

Section: Circadian Rhythmmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The organic structure of human mind

UNNITHAN

2024

Preprint

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The structural theory of mind by Sigmund Freud stated of id, ego, and superego. The ‘triune brain theory’ put forward by MacLean simply describes the functional levels of the brain: ‘reptilian brain’, ‘paleomammalian brain’, and ‘neomammalian brain’. The neocortex gave the capacities for higher mental functions. The aim of the study is to formulate a model for the human mind based on the current knowledge of neuroanatomy, physiology, and biochemistry. The anatomic substrates for consciousness, perception, memory, language, emotions, abstraction, social judgement and self-awareness are analysed. The consciousness is mediated by the ascending reticular activating system. The multiple perceptions are analysed by the association cortices. The hippocampal- entorhinal circuitry is the site for memory processing. In the model for language, there is a ventral infratemporal stream for semantic comprehension, and a dorsal stream for phonological processing. The limbic system is the neural substrate for emotions. The abstraction is by the hippocampal-prefrontal circuitry. The prefrontal cortex is essential for social cognition. The association fibres and the commissural fibres connect the areas. The suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus is the pacemaker of the biological clock. The neurotransmitters such as glutamate, dopamine, norepinephrine, histamine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid are involved in the modulation of all these.The ascending arousal system, limbic system, memory and language circuits, association areas, and the prefrontal cortex constitute the basic structural substrate for the human psyche. The functions are dependent on the balance between the excitatory and inhibitory activities of the neurotransmitters.

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Section: Circadian Rhythmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Circadian Rhythmmentioning

confidence: 99%

The organic structure of human mind

UNNITHAN

2024

Preprint

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“…Зв'язок між розладами циркадіанного ритму та функціонально-метаболічними порушеннями головного мозку було підтверджено у численних дослідженнях [1]. Окрім того показано, що призначення висококалорійного вуглеводно-ліпідного раціону харчування збільшує у цьому органі вироблення активних форм оксигену та нітрогену, підвищує проникність гематоенцефалічного бар'єру, викликає розвиток нейрозапалення та порушень церебральної гемодинаміки [2,3].…”

Section: вступunclassified

Curcumin Restores the Balance of No-Synthases in the Brain Hemispheres of Rats Exposed to Round-the-Clock Light Under Conditions of a Diet High in Fructose and Fat

Frankel,

Zyuzin,

Cherno

2023

Med. and Ecol. probl.

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The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of curcumin on the ratio of constitutive and inducible NOS isoforms in the cerebral cortex of rats under a round-the-clock lighting (RCL) with a high fructose and fat diet. The experiments were performed on 21 white Wistar rats weighing 235±20 g, divided into 3 groups. Animals in the first group (control) received a standard diet (energy value 2720 kcal/kg) and were exposed to an equal alternation of light and darkness. The rats of the second and third groups were kept in RCL conditions against the background of the administration of a high-calorie carbohydrate-lipid diet (HCCLD, 4477 kcal/kg). In addition, animals of the third group received curcumin daily through a gavage, intragastrically, at a dose of 200 mg/kg. The activity of total NOS and its constitutive isoforms (cNOS) in the cerebral homogenate was measured, inducible isoenzyme (iNOS) activity and cNOS coupling index were calculated. Curcumin administration significantly reduced the total and inducible activity of NOS in the cerebral homogenate– by 34 and 38%, respectively, compared with the values of the second group. At the same time, cNOS activity (2.3-fold) and its coupling index (3.8-fold) increased significantly compared with the data of the second group. It is concluded that the use of curcumin in metabolic disorders associated with pathogenic factors of the “Western lifestyle” – light disorders and the use of HCCLD restores the normal ratio of constitutive and inducible NOS isoforms, cNOS coupling in the rat cerebral hemispheres, which prevents the development of oxidative-nitrosative stress.

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