Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders: Genetics, Mechanisms, and Adverse Effects on Health

Liu, Chaoran; Tang, Xiangrong; Gong, Zhaojian; Zeng, Wang; Qiao, Huan; Lu, Renbin

doi:10.3389/fgene.2022.875342

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…Modern society has created a phase shift between the environment and the body’s internal and peripheral clocks, and various diseases have been attributed to this change. When the body clock is disrupted by working at night or staying up late, the risk of sleep disorders ( Liu et al, 2022 ), high blood pressure ( Costello and Gumz, 2021 ), and cancer increases ( Pariollaud and Lamia, 2020 ). Therefore, synchronizing the internal body clock with its environment is important.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian rhythm of PERIOD2::LUCIFERASE expression in the trigeminal ganglion of mice

et al. 2023

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IntroductionThe trigeminal nerve conveys delicate sensations such as warmth, pain, and tactile pressure in the oral and facial regions, and most trigeminal afferent cell bodies are located in the trigeminal ganglion. Our previous study has shown that sensations in trigeminal nerve innervated areas, specifically in the maxillofacial region, exhibit diurnal variation and that sensitivity changes time-dependently. In this study, we aimed to clarify the rhythm of expression of clock gene in the trigeminal ganglion of mice to elucidate the mechanism of circadian regulation in the same area.MethodsImmunohistochemistry examined the expression of the PER2 protein in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and trigeminal ganglion of wild-type mice. To measure gene expression as bioluminescence, PERIOD2::LUCIFERASE knock-in (PER2::LUC) mice were used. Unilateral trigeminal ganglion and brain sections including the suprachiasmatic nucleus were incubated ex vivo. Bioluminescence levels were then measured using a highly sensitive photodetector. The same experiments were then conducted with Cry1 gene-deficient (Cry1−/−) or Cry2 gene-deficient (Cry2−/−) mice.ResultsIn the trigeminal ganglion, immunohistochemistry localized PER2 protein expression within the neuronal cell body. Mouse trigeminal ganglion ex vivo tissues showed distinct circadian oscillations in PER2::LUC levels in all genotypes, wild-type, Cry1−/−, and Cry2−/−. The period was shorter in the trigeminal ganglion than in the suprachiasmatic nucleus; it was shorter in Cry1−/− and longer in Cry2−/− mice than in the wild-type mice.ConclusionThe expression of Per2 in neurons of the trigeminal ganglion in ex vivo culture and the oscillation in a distinct circadian rhythm suggests that the trigeminal ganglion is responsible for the relay of sensory inputs and temporal gating through autonomous circadian oscillations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian rhythm of PERIOD2::LUCIFERASE expression in the trigeminal ganglion of mice

et al. 2023

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“…Circadian rhythms regulate diverse behavioral and physiological processes, including metabolism, food intake, sleep, immunity, and endocrine functions [ 33 ]. Many animal studies have demonstrated that circadian rhythm-related genes influence both male and female fertility by regulating the estrus cycle, LH surge, sperm production and maturation, and insemination and fertilization timing [ 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome analysis of hypothalamus and pituitary tissues reveals genetic mechanisms associated with high egg production rates in Changshun green-shell laying hens

Xu,

Mu,

Gegen

et al. 2023

BMC Genomics

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Background Changshun green-shell laying hens are unique to the Guizhou Province, China, and have high egg quality but relatively low yield. Egg production traits are regulated by the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Thus, we conducted RNA sequencing of hypothalamic and pituitary tissues from low- and high-yielding Changshun green-shell laying hens to identify critical pathways and candidate genes involved in controlling the egg production rate. Results More than 39 million clean reads per sample were obtained, and more than 82% were mapped to the Gallus gallus genome. Further analysis identified 1,817 and 1,171 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the hypothalamus and pituitary, respectively. Nineteen DEGs were upregulated in both the hypothalamus and pituitary of high-yielding chickens. The functions of these DEGs were mainly associated with ion transport or signal transduction. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that the pathways enriched in the hypothalamus were mainly associated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion, neurotransmitter release, and circadian rhythms. The pathways enriched in the pituitary were mainly associated with GnRH secretion, energy metabolism, and signal transduction. Five and four DEGs in the hypothalamus and pituitary, respectively, were selected randomly for qRT-PCR analysis. The expression trends determined via qRT-PCR were consistent with the RNA-seq results. Conclusions The current study identified 19 DEGs upregulated in both the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, which could provide an important reference for further studies on the molecular mechanisms underlying egg production in Changshun green-shell laying hens. In addition, enrichment analysis showed that GnRH secretion and signal transduction, especially neurotransmitter release, play crucial roles in the regulation of egg production.

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“…Most human studies have focused on synchronizing the peripheral metabolic clocks to the central light-driven clock. It would be important to try TRE in individuals on night-shift workers with forced out-of-phase central and peripheral clocks or individuals with circadian rhythm sleep disorders [ 146 ] as mouse studies have shown desynchronization between central and peripheral clocks if food is provided during the daytime [ 147 ].…”

Section: Health Benefits Of Time-restricted Eatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity, cancer risk, and time-restricted eating

Das

Webster

2022

Cancer Metastasis Rev

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Obesity and the associated metabolic syndrome is considered a pandemic whose prevalence is steadily increasing in many countries worldwide. It is a complex, dynamic, and multifactorial disorder that presages the development of several metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases, and increases the risk of cancer. In patients with newly diagnosed cancer, obesity worsens prognosis, increasing the risk of recurrence and decreasing survival. The multiple negative effects of obesity on cancer outcomes are substantial, and of great clinical importance. Strategies for weight control have potential utility for both prevention efforts and enhancing cancer outcomes. Presently, time-restricted eating (TRE) is a popular dietary intervention that involves limiting the consumption of calories to a specific window of time without any proscribed caloric restriction or alteration in dietary composition. As such, TRE is a sustainable long-term behavioral modification, when compared to other dietary interventions, and has shown many health benefits in animals and humans. The preliminary data regarding the effects of time-restricted feeding on cancer development and growth in animal models are promising but studies in humans are lacking. Interestingly, several short-term randomized clinical trials of TRE have shown favorable effects to reduce cancer risk factors; however, long-term trials of TRE have yet to investigate reductions in cancer incidence or outcomes in the general population. Few studies have been conducted in cancer populations, but a number are underway to examine the effect of TRE on cancer biology and recurrence. Given the simplicity, feasibility, and favorable metabolic improvements elicited by TRE in obese men and women, TRE may be useful in obese cancer patients and cancer survivors; however, the clinical implementation of TRE in the cancer setting will require greater in-depth investigation.

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Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders: Genetics, Mechanisms, and Adverse Effects on Health

Cited by 15 publications

References 48 publications

Circadian rhythm of PERIOD2::LUCIFERASE expression in the trigeminal ganglion of mice

Circadian rhythm of PERIOD2::LUCIFERASE expression in the trigeminal ganglion of mice

Transcriptome analysis of hypothalamus and pituitary tissues reveals genetic mechanisms associated with high egg production rates in Changshun green-shell laying hens

Obesity, cancer risk, and time-restricted eating

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