Circadian Rhythm Connections to Oxidative Stress: Implications for Human Health

Abstract

Significance: Oxygen and circadian rhythmicity are essential in a myriad of physiological processes to maintain homeostasis, from blood pressure and sleep/wake cycles, down to cellular signaling pathways that play critical roles in health and disease. If the human body or cells experience significant stress, their ability to regulate internal systems, including redox levels and circadian rhythms, may become impaired. At cellular as well as organismal levels, impairment in redox regulation and circadian rhythms may lead to a number of adverse effects, including the manifestation of a variety of diseases such as heart diseases, neurodegenerative conditions, and cancer. Recent Advances: Researchers have come to an understanding as to the basics of the circadian rhythm mechanism, as well as the importance of the numerous species of oxidative stress components. The effects of oxidative stress and dysregulated circadian rhythms have been a subject of intense investigations since they were first discovered, and recent investigations into the molecular mechanisms linking the two have started to elucidate the bases of their connection. Critical Issues: While much is known about the mechanics and importance of oxidative stress systems and circadian rhythms, the front where they interact has had very little research focused on it. This review discusses the idea that these two systems are together intricately involved in the healthy body, as well as in disease. Future Directions: We believe that for a more efficacious management of diseases that have both circadian rhythm and oxidative stress components in their pathogenesis, targeting both systems in tandem would be far more successful.

Potential Utility of Melatonin in Preeclampsia, Intrauterine Fetal Growth Retardation, and Perinatal Asphyxia

“…Circadian rhythms and OS are further connected by the role they both play in several different diseases. 2 However, in-depth studies have not been done to determine the cause-and-effect relationship between circadian rhythm, OS, and diseases. As well as epiphysis, many other organs synthesize smaller amounts of melatonin, including skin, gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidney, brain, retina, and so on.…”

Daytime sleepiness and saliva hormones fluctuations in men under toxic stress

“…The experiments on animals found that intake of low doses of cadmium (100 ppm) with drinking water in the early stages of intoxication is accompanied by an increase in non-REM sleep against decrease in locomotor activity during wakefulness [22]. These changes in the structure of sleep have been associated with oxidative stress that, according to the authors, is the basis of violations of the sleep-wakefulness cycle [25]. If we consider the data on the important role of the hypothalamic-pituitary system in the organization of rhythms [7] and toxic action of cadmium on it [21,22], the involvement of this system in the violations of daily fluctuations of hormones becomes apparent.…”

Nuclear redox imbalance affects circadian oscillation in HaCaT keratinocytes

“…A very recent growing body of evidence suggests a close connection between the cellular circadian and redox systems (Tamaru et al, 2013;Wilking et al, 2013). Disruption of the circadian clock results in increased oxidative stress and premature senescence both in vitro and in vivo (Kondratov et al, 2006;Khapre et al, 2011).…”