Circadian regulation of physiology: Relevance for space medicine

Astaburuaga, Rosario; Basti, Alireza; Yin, Li; Herms, David; Relógio, Angela

doi:10.1016/j.reach.2019.100029

Cited by 10 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…We found that the FLT group showed significantly altered clock gene expressions across tissues compared to the GC group ( Figure 1 A–C). Astronauts experience sleep and circadian rhythm shifts that impair health, alertness, and performance during spaceflight [ 18 , 19 ]. Therefore, understanding the effects of the spaceflight environment on the circadian rhythm system is important for long-term crewed space missions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These 3 tissues relate to functions known to be affected by the circadian rhythm, such as the endocrine systems (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, erythropoietin, vasopressin, and glucocorticoids) and water–mineral balance regulation [ 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ]. Indeed, spaceflight conditions in humans are believed to induce activation of the endocrine systems, including renin-aldosterone, glucocorticoid, and catecholamines, and changes in water–mineral balance [ 18 , 44 , 45 , 46 ]. In addition, during a Mars simulation study in humans, the hormones aldosterone and cortisol fluctuated for longer-than-usual periods despite constant salt intake, suggesting that clock genes may be involved in water–mineral balance [ 47 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, we observed asynchrony in the expression of the clock genes between certain peripheral tissues. Circadian rhythm disruption is associated not only with astronaut health and performance but also with cancer, lifestyle-related diseases, and mental disorders here on Earth [ 18 , 19 ]. Therefore, further studies on how spaceflight affects tissue functions should be an essential agenda item in order to better understand mammalian physiology and potentially create countermeasures that benefit humans on Earth and in space.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrated RNA-seq Analysis Indicates Asynchrony in Clock Genes between Tissues under Spaceflight

Fujita

Rutter

Ong

et al. 2020

Life

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Rodent models have been widely used as analogs for estimating spaceflight-relevant molecular mechanisms in human tissues. NASA GeneLab provides access to numerous spaceflight omics datasets that can potentially generate novel insights and hypotheses about fundamental space biology when analyzed in new and integrated fashions. Here, we performed a pilot study to elucidate space biological mechanisms across tissues by reanalyzing mouse RNA-sequencing spaceflight data archived on NASA GeneLab. Our results showed that clock gene expressions in spaceflight mice were altered compared with those in ground control mice. Furthermore, the results suggested that spaceflight promotes asynchrony of clock gene expressions between peripheral tissues. Abnormal circadian rhythms are associated not only with jet lag and sleep disorders but also with cancer, lifestyle-related diseases, and mental disorders. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of elucidating the causes of circadian rhythm disruptions using the unique approach of space biology research to one day potentially develop countermeasures that benefit humans on Earth and in space.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrated RNA-seq Analysis Indicates Asynchrony in Clock Genes between Tissues under Spaceflight

Fujita

Rutter

Ong

et al. 2020

Life

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“…While questionnaires serve as a quick and simple method to assess chronotypes and determine Morningness-Eveningness preferences, they lack the robust objective perspective of an experimental method and do not provide insights into the molecular basis leading to the different chronotypes. To overcome these limitations multiple experimental techniques using biological samples have been developed and provide a more comprehensive and objective perspective [ 14 ]. The current gold standard method to determine the exact internal time in humans is referred to as DLMO (dim-light melatonin onset) [ 55 ].…”

Section: Clinical Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the circadian time is used, instead of geophysical time, treatment can be optimally personalized to the circadian rhythm of the patient. Indeed, knowledge of the circadian time or eventually of the full circadian profile of a subject, might also be useful to align all sorts of daily activities, from food intake to sports and sleep, to one’s internal rhythm and thus maintaining a good health, also in extreme environments (e.g., astronauts in space missions [ 14 ]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Optimal Time for Treatment—Predicting Circadian Time by Machine Learning and Mathematical Modelling

Hesse

Malhan

Yalҫin

et al. 2020

Cancers

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Tailoring medical interventions to a particular patient and pathology has been termed personalized medicine. The outcome of cancer treatments is improved when the intervention is timed in accordance with the patient's internal time. Yet, one challenge of personalized medicine is how to consider the biological time of the patient. Prerequisite for this so-called chronotherapy is an accurate characterization of the internal circadian time of the patient. As an alternative to time-consuming measurements in a sleep-laboratory, recent studies in chronobiology predict circadian time by applying machine learning approaches and mathematical modelling to easier accessible observables such as gene expression. Embedding these results into the mathematical dynamics between clock and cancer in mammals, we review the precision of predictions and the potential usage with respect to cancer treatment and discuss whether the patient’s internal time and circadian observables, may provide an additional indication for individualized treatment timing. Besides the health improvement, timing treatment may imply financial advantages, by ameliorating side effects of treatments, thus reducing costs. Summarizing the advances of recent years, this review brings together the current clinical standard for measuring biological time, the general assessment of circadian rhythmicity, the usage of rhythmic variables to predict biological time and models of circadian rhythmicity.

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Skeletal muscle gene expression dysregulation in long-term spaceflights and aging is clock-dependent

et al. 2023

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The circadian clock regulates cellular and molecular processes in mammals across all tissues including skeletal muscle, one of the largest organs in the human body. Dysregulated circadian rhythms are characteristic of aging and crewed spaceflight, associated with, for example, musculoskeletal atrophy. Molecular insights into spaceflight-related alterations of circadian regulation in skeletal muscle are still missing. Here, we investigated potential functional consequences of clock disruptions on skeletal muscle using published omics datasets obtained from spaceflights and other clock-altering, external (fasting and exercise), or internal (aging) conditions on Earth. Our analysis identified alterations of the clock network and skeletal muscle-associated pathways, as a result of spaceflight duration in mice, which resembles aging-related gene expression changes observed in humans on Earth (e.g., ATF4 downregulation, associated with muscle atrophy). Furthermore, according to our results, external factors such as exercise or fasting lead to molecular changes in the core-clock network, which may compensate for the circadian disruption observed during spaceflights. Thus, maintaining circadian functioning is crucial to ameliorate unphysiological alterations and musculoskeletal atrophy reported among astronauts.

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Circadian regulation of physiology: Relevance for space medicine

Cited by 10 publications

References 102 publications

Integrated RNA-seq Analysis Indicates Asynchrony in Clock Genes between Tissues under Spaceflight

Integrated RNA-seq Analysis Indicates Asynchrony in Clock Genes between Tissues under Spaceflight

An Optimal Time for Treatment—Predicting Circadian Time by Machine Learning and Mathematical Modelling

Skeletal muscle gene expression dysregulation in long-term spaceflights and aging is clock-dependent

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