Circadian Plasticity: From Structure to Behavior

Frenkel, Lia; Ceriani, M. Fernanda

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-387003-2.00005-7

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 166 publications

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“…However, we cannot refute the hypothesis that arrhythmia may occur in our labora-tory animals due to the disruption of circadian system pathways; laboratory conditions and manipulation may disrupt behavioural activity (Calisi and Bentley 2009). Nonetheless, we interpret the occurrence of arrhythmia as additional proof of the plasticity and liability of the Nephrops circadian system (Frenkel and Ceriani 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Dusk but not dawn burrow emergence rhythms of <i>Nephrops norvegicus</i> (Crustacea: Decapoda)

Sbragaglia¹,

Aguzzi²,

García³

et al. 2013

Sci. Mar.

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SUMMARY: The Norway lobster, Nephrops norvegicus, can be captured by haul nets only during the emergence from its burrow. In the last few decades, an extensive field research revealed distinct diel (24-h-based) catchability patterns at different depths. Laboratory experiments suggested that burrow emergence (used as a proxy of catchability) is endogenously controlled via a circadian system. Results were usually presented in terms of mean effects without a quantification of interindividual variability and arrhythmia. Here, we studied the burrow emergence of 52 adult Nephrops by an infrared actograph endowed with an artificial burrow. Animals were exposed to 12-12 h light-darkness cycle, simulating photic condition of the lower shelf. Forty-five animals showed rhythmic emergence (87%), while seven were arrhythmic (13%). Rhythmic animals were clustered according to their timing of emergence: 54% at dusk and 4% at dawn. Moreover, other animals showed fully diurnal or nocturnal emergence (10% and 19%, respectively). The comparison of our results with those derived from temporally scheduled trawling indicates that bimodal catch patterns observed in shelf populations are poorly observed during individual experiments in the laboratory, where the same light conditions are simulated. Nephrops burrow emergence seems to be the result of a mixed endogenous-exogenous control, while arrhythmia could also be present in the wild.Keywords: Nephrops norvegicus, circadian system, emergence behaviour, dusk and dawn, arrhythmia.RESUMEN: Prevalencia del ritmo de emergencia al anochecer frente al amanecer en la cigala Nephrops Norvegicus (Crustacea: Decapoda). -La cigala, Nephrops norvegicus, es capturada con arte de arrastre cuando emerge de su madriguera. En las últimas décadas, una extensa investigación de campo ha revelado distintos patrones diarios (24-h) de capturas en diferentes profundidades. Se ha observado en experimentos de laboratorio que la emergencia desde la madriguera (interpretable como capturabilidad), está bajo el control endógeno de un sistema circadiano. En estos estudios los resultados se han presentado como efecto promedio en la población experimental, sin una cuantificación de la variabilidad inter individual o del porcentaje de arritmicidad. En este trabajo se estudió la actividad de emergencia desde la madriguera de Nephrops en 52 animales mediante un actógrafo de infrarrojos en un tanque dotado de una madriguera artificial, con un fotoperiodo de 12-12 luz-oscuridad, a fin de simular las condiciones fóticas de la plataforma marina. Cuarenta y cinco animales mostraron una emergencia rítmica (87%), mientras que siete fueron arrítmicos (13%). Los animales rítmicos fueron agrupados de acuerdo al momento de emergencia: 54% al "atardecer" y 4% al "amanecer", mientras que otros mostraron una emergencia totalmente diurna o nocturna (10% y 19%, respectivamente). La comparación de nuestros resultados con los datos procedentes de pescas experimentales de arrastre, indica que los patrones bimodales de captura observados e...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Dusk but not dawn burrow emergence rhythms of <i>Nephrops norvegicus</i> (Crustacea: Decapoda)

Sbragaglia¹,

Aguzzi²,

García³

et al. 2013

Sci. Mar.

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“…Over the years it has become increasingly clear that the circadian clock modulates structural properties of different cells (reviewed in [40]). In fact, a number of years ago it was reported that the projections of a subset of core pacemaker fly PDF + [8] and mammalian VIP + [41] neurons undergo structural remodeling on daily basis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian Pacemaker Neurons Change Synaptic Contacts across the Day

et al. 2014

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Summary Daily cycles of rest and activity are a common example of circadian control of physiology. In Drosophila rhythmic locomotor cycles rely on the activity of 150-200 neurons grouped in seven clusters [1, 2]. Work from many laboratories points to the small Lateral Neurons ventral (sLNvs) as essential for circadian control of locomotor rhythmicity [3-7]. sLNv neurons undergo circadian remodeling of their axonal projections opening the possibility for a circadian control of connectivity of these relevant circadian pacemakers [8]. Here we show that circadian plasticity of the sLNv axonal projections has further implications than mere structural changes. First, we found that the degree of daily structural plasticity exceeds that originally described [8] underscoring that changes in the degree of fasciculation as well as extension or pruning of axonal terminals could be involved. Interestingly, the quantity of active zones changes along the day, lending support to the attractive hypothesis that new synapses are formed while others are dismantled between late night and the following morning. More remarkably, taking full advantage of the GFP Reconstitution Across Synaptic Partners (GRASP) technique [9] we showed that, in addition to new synapses being added or removed, sLNv neurons contact different synaptic partners at different times along the day. These results lead us to propose that the circadian network, and in particular the sLNv neurons, orchestrates some of the physiological and behavioral differences between day and night by changing the path through which information travels.

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“…Adult males between 1 to 5 days old were entrained in TriKinetics Activity Monitors (TriKinetics, Waltham, MA) under a 12hr:12hr light:dark schedule for three days in a temperature-regulated Precision incubator model 818 (Thermo Electron Corporation; Marietta, Ohio). Flies were then placed in constant darkness (DD) and allowed to free-run for 4 days, after which locomotor activity – a commonly used metric of circadian behavior in Drosophila (Frenkel and Ceriani, 2011) – was scanned into 5 minute bins using the DAM File Scan (v.1.1.06, TriKinetics). We used ClockLab software (v.2.61; Actimetrics, IL) to score an individual fly as either rhythmic or arrhythmic, which we characterized based on the strength of the rhythm (FFT).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Populations of Drosophila melanogaster Reveal Features of an Uncharacterized Circadian Property

2014

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Most cyclic biological processes are under control of a circadian molecular timing system that synchronizes these phenomena to the 24hr day. One generic property of circadian-controlled processes is that they operate within a specific temperature range, below which the manifestation of rhythm ceases. Little is known about the functional significance of the lower temperature limit of rhythmicity or about the mechanism underlying the loss of overt circadian behavior below this lower-limit, especially in one model organism of chronobiology, Drosophila melanogaster. Natural populations of Drosophila are evolving under divergent selection pressures and so provide a source of diversity necessary to address these issues. Using lines derived from the wild, we find that there is natural variation in the expression of rhythmic behavior under low temperature conditions. Interestingly, this variability appears ecologically relevant at extremely low temperature (12°C) such that lines originating from high altitude sources are twice as likely to maintain rhythm than those from low altitude populations. Lines resistant to 15°C show an additional layer of diversity in their response to temperature extremes because some lines are resistant to low temperature only whereas others are cross-resistant to high and low temperature. Genetic analysis of one cold-resistant circadian line at 15°C reveals that the phenotype maps to the X-chromosome but not to the core clock genes, per and sgg. Analysis of the central clock cells of this line reveals that maintenance of rhythm is associated with robust clock function, which is compromised in a standard laboratory strain. These data indicate that the cold-resistant circadian phenotype is clock-based. This study highlights the importance of using natural populations to inform us of the basic features of circadian traits, especially those that might be under temperature-based selection.

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Circadian Plasticity: From Structure to Behavior

Cited by 22 publications

References 166 publications

Dusk but not dawn burrow emergence rhythms of <i>Nephrops norvegicus</i> (Crustacea: Decapoda)

Dusk but not dawn burrow emergence rhythms of <i>Nephrops norvegicus</i> (Crustacea: Decapoda)

Circadian Pacemaker Neurons Change Synaptic Contacts across the Day

Natural Populations of Drosophila melanogaster Reveal Features of an Uncharacterized Circadian Property

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