Circadian phase, dynamics of subjective sleepiness and sensitivity to blue light in young adults complaining of a delayed sleep schedule

Moderie, Christophe; Maren, Solenne Van der; Dumont, Marie

doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2017.03.021

Cited by 44 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The product insert shows a comparison between the RK‐DSM2 RIA and the EK‐DSM ELISA with the slope of the line being 0.78 and an intercept of 1.2 pg/mL suggesting that the ELISA produces higher values than the RIA. The assay has been used to estimate the DLMO, and it was noted that many subjects had a melatonin concentration higher than 3 pg/mL in their first samples although in most of these subjects, the threshold was still below 5 pg/mL . Two other studies reported threshold levels between 1 and 4 pg/mL.…”

Section: Melatonin Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The assay has been used to estimate the DLMO, and it was noted that many subjects had a melatonin concentration higher than 3 pg/mL in their first samples although in most of these subjects, the threshold was still below 5 pg/mL. 69 Two other studies 70,71 reported threshold levels between 1 and 4 pg/mL. IBL supply a saliva melatonin ELISA kit (RE54041) that uses a rabbit antibody against melatonin (antigen unknown).…”

Section: Saliva Elisamentioning

confidence: 99%

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A critical review of melatonin assays: Past and present

Kennaway

2019

Journal of Pineal Research

106

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There has been increased interest in the measurement of melatonin in plasma and saliva recently either as a marker of circadian phase or to understand the physiological role of melatonin. For both situations, there is a need for a specific assay for melatonin that is sensitive enough to detect low concentrations (<2 pg/mL). Since the mid‐1970s, there have been many assays developed to measure melatonin in blood and saliva. Radioimmunoassays and ELISA have predominated because of their relative simplicity and high throughput. In this review, I show that the early radioimmunoassays while providing valuable information about nocturnal melatonin levels in humans, generally produced inaccurate basal (daytime) levels. Mass spectrometry assays, however, have provided us with the target values that immunoassays need to achieve, that is, daytime plasma melatonin levels <1 pg/mL. There are now many contemporary commercial assays available utilising both RIA and ELISA technologies, but not all achieve the standards set by the mass spectrometry assays. The performance of these assays is reviewed. I conclude with recommendations on issues researchers need to consider when conducting melatonin studies, including the importance of time of day of collection, validation of assays, the potential causes of poor assay specificity at low levels, the advantages/disadvantages of using saliva vs plasma and extraction assays vs direct assays, kit manufacturers responsibilities and the reporting requirements when publishing melatonin studies.

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Section: Melatonin Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Saliva Elisamentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical review of melatonin assays: Past and present

Kennaway

2019

Journal of Pineal Research

106

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“…Many non‐visual responses can be used to assess non‐visual sensitivity to light. In our study, the association between higher non‐visual sensitivity to light and later circadian phase in late sleepers was measured with a laboratory test of melatonin suppression (Moderie, Van der Maren, & Dumont, ). That association was also found in recent studies on patients with delayed sleep–wake phase disorder (DSWPD), using other non‐visual responses to light such as light‐induced circadian phase shifts (Watson et al., ) and the pupillary light reflex (McGlashan et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Home versus laboratory assessments of melatonin production and melatonin onset in young adults complaining of a delayed sleep schedule

Moderie

Maren

Paquet

et al. 2019

Journal of Sleep Research

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Recent evidence points toward an association between higher non‐visual sensitivity to light and a later circadian phase in young adults complaining of a delayed sleep schedule. Light exposure in the evening may therefore induce a larger suppression of melatonin production in these individuals, which might: (a) bias home estimates of melatonin onset; and (b) decrease sleep propensity at bedtime. In this study, we compared home and laboratory melatonin onsets and production in sleep‐delayed and control participants, using saliva samples collected in the 3 hr preceding habitual bedtime. The mean light intensity measured during saliva sampling at home was ~10 lux in both groups. Melatonin suppression at home was significant, averaging 31% and 24% in sleep‐delayed and control individuals, respectively. Group difference in melatonin suppression was not significant. Estimates of melatonin onset were on average 27 min later at home than in laboratory conditions, with no group difference. Looking specifically at sleep‐delayed participants, there was no correlation between non‐visual sensitivity to light and home–laboratory differences in melatonin onsets. However, higher light sensitivity was associated with greater melatonin suppression in the hour before habitual bedtime. Greater melatonin suppression before bedtime was also associated with a later circadian phase. These results indicate that the validity of home estimates of melatonin onset is similar in sleep‐delayed and in control individuals. Results also suggest that increased non‐visual sensitivity to light could impact melatonin secretion in sleep‐delayed individuals and contribute to a late bedtime by delaying circadian phase and decreasing sleep propensity.

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“…In addition, greater melatonin suppression in response to 1.5 h of 500 lux blue light (fluorescent with blue filter) has recently been associated with later circadian phase in a subclinical group of young adults complaining of a delayed sleep schedule (Moderie et al . ), suggesting greater light sensitivity may play a causal role in the development of persistent delays in circadian phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The only known study that directly compared light sensitivity in DSWPD (then referred to as Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome; DSPS) to a healthy control group found that patients exhibited a 15% increase in melatonin suppression during 2 h of 1000 lux (cool-white fluorescent lights), compared to controls (Aoki et al 2001). In addition, greater melatonin suppression in response to 1.5 h of 500 lux blue light (fluorescent with blue filter) has recently been associated with later circadian phase in a subclinical group of young adults complaining of a delayed sleep schedule (Moderie et al 2017), suggesting greater light sensitivity may play a causal role in the development of persistent delays in circadian phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased sensitivity of the circadian system to light in delayed sleep–wake phase disorder

Watson

Phillips

Hosken

et al. 2018

The Journal of Physiology

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Key points This is the first study to demonstrate an altered circadian phase shifting response in a circadian rhythm sleep disorder. Patients with delayed sleep–wake phase disorder (DSWPD) demonstrate greater sensitivity of the circadian system to the phase‐delaying effects of light. Increased circadian sensitivity to light is associated with later circadian timing within both control and DSWPD groups. DSWPD patients had a greater sustained pupil response after light exposure. Treatments for DSWPD should consider sensitivity of the circadian system to light as a potential underlying vulnerability, making patients susceptible to relapse. Abstract Patients with delayed sleep–wake phase disorder (DSWPD) exhibit delayed sleep–wake behaviour relative to desired bedtime, often leading to chronic sleep restriction and daytime dysfunction. The majority of DSWPD patients also display delayed circadian timing in the melatonin rhythm. Hypersensitivity of the circadian system to phase‐delaying light is a plausible physiological basis for DSWPD vulnerability. We compared the phase shifting response to a 6.5 h light exposure (∼150 lux) between male patients with diagnosed DSWPD (n = 10; aged 20.8 ± 2.3 years) and male healthy controls (n = 11; aged 22.4 ± 3.3 years). Salivary dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) was measured under controlled conditions in dim light (<3 lux) before and after light exposure. Correcting for the circadian time of the light exposure, DSWPD patients exhibited 31.5% greater phase delay shifts than healthy controls. In both groups, a later initial melatonin phase was associated with a greater magnitude phase shift, indicating that increased circadian sensitivity to light may be a factor that contributes to delayed phase, even in non‐clinical groups. DSWPD patients also had reduced pupil size following the light exposure, and showed a trend towards increased melatonin suppression during light exposure. These findings indicate that, for patients with DSWPD, assessment of light sensitivity may be an important factor that can inform behavioural therapy, including minimization of exposure to phase‐delaying night‐time light.

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Circadian phase, dynamics of subjective sleepiness and sensitivity to blue light in young adults complaining of a delayed sleep schedule

Cited by 44 publications

References 61 publications

A critical review of melatonin assays: Past and present

A critical review of melatonin assays: Past and present

Home versus laboratory assessments of melatonin production and melatonin onset in young adults complaining of a delayed sleep schedule

Increased sensitivity of the circadian system to light in delayed sleep–wake phase disorder

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