Circadian oscillation of a mammalian homologue of the Drosophila period gene

Tei, Hajime; Okamura, Hitoshi; Shigeyoshi, Yasufumi; Fukuhara, Chiaki; Ozawa, Ryotaro; Hirose, Matsumi; Sakaki, Yoshiyuki

doi:10.1038/39086

Cited by 730 publications

(491 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The hepatic oscillator is centered on a pair of transcriptional activators, BMAL1 (also named Mop3) (Bunger et al, 2000;Hogenesch et al, 1998) and CLOCK (Gekakis et al, 1998;King et al, 1997) and two classes of repressors of the Period (Per) Shearman et al, 1997;Sun et al, 1997;Tei et al, 1997) and Cryptochrome (Cry) gene families (Griffin et al, 1999;Kume et al, 1999;van der Horst et al, 1999;Vitaterna et al, 1999) (Fig. 2).…”

Section: Transcriptional Network Of the Hepatic Circadian Oscillatormentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of clock genes and rhythmicity in the liver

Schmutz

Albrecht

Ripperger

2012

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology

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The liver is the important organ to maintain energy homeostasis of an organism. To achieve this, many biochemical reactions run in this organ in a rhythmic fashion. An elegant way to coordinate the temporal expression of genes for metabolic enzymes relies in the link to the circadian timing system. In this fashion not only a maximum of synchronization is achieved, but also anticipation of daily recurring events is possible. Here we will focus on the input and output pathways of the hepatic circadian oscillator and discuss the recently found flexibility of its circadian transcriptional networks.

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Section: Transcriptional Network Of the Hepatic Circadian Oscillatormentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of clock genes and rhythmicity in the liver

Schmutz

Albrecht

Ripperger

2012

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology

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“…The preoptic area, for example, exhibits robust clock gene expression (Palm et al, 2001a,b;Tei et al, 1997;Yamamoto et al, 2001. Importantly, stimulation of the POA of ovariectomized rats with the SCN peptide, vasopressin, induces an LH surge during the second portion of the light period, but not the first (Palm, 2001 #122-001), indicating important temporal control at the level of the POA.…”

Section: System-level Control and Coordination Of Endocrine Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The regulation of neuroendocrine function: Timing is everything

Kriegsfeld

Silver

2006

Hormones and Behavior

129

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Hormone secretion is highly organized temporally, achieving optimal biological functioning and health. The master clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus coordinates the timing of circadian rhythms, including daily control of hormone secretion. In the brain, the SCN drives hormone secretion. In some instances, SCN neurons make direct synaptic connections with neurosecretory neurons. In other instances, SCN signals set the phase of "clock genes" that regulate circadian function at the cellular level within neurosecretory cells. The protein products of these clock genes can also exert direct transcriptional control over neuroendocrine releasing factors. Clock genes and proteins are also expressed in peripheral endocrine organs providing additional modes of temporal control. Finally, the SCN signals endocrine glands via the autonomic nervous system, allowing for rapid regulation via multisynaptic pathways. Thus, the circadian system achieves temporal regulation of endocrine function by a combination of genetic, cellular, and neural regulatory mechanisms to ensure that each response occurs in its correct temporal niche. The availability of tools to assess the phase of molecular/cellular clocks and of powerful tract tracing methods to assess connections between "clock cells" and their targets provides an opportunity to examine circadian-controlled aspects of neurosecretion, in the search for general principles by which the endocrine system is organized. KeywordsCircadian; Diurnal; Endocrinel; Neurosecretion; Clock genes; Suprachiasmatic Circadian aspects of reproductionThe importance of circadian (about a day) timing in hormone production/secretion has been known since the 1950s when Everett and Sawyer determined that a stimulatory signal occurring during a narrow temporal window on the afternoon of proestrus is necessary for induction of ovulation later that night (Everett and Sawyer, 1950). Such close temporal organization is important for successful reproduction, as numerous hormone-dependent behavioral and physiological processes must be coordinated. If optimal temporal relationships are disrupted, pronounced deficits in fertility can result. For example, ovulation, behavioral estrus, fertilization, and pregnancy maintenance require a specific

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“…In mammals, this rhythm is controlled by a master clock, which is localized in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the anterior-ventral hypothalamus (Moore and Eichler 1972;Stephan and Zucker 1972). Members of the Period gene family, Per1 and Per2 are key players in the underlying molecular mechanisms of the master clock Tei et al 1997). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired daily glucocorticoid rhythm in Per1 Brd mice

et al. 2006

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Biological clocks have evolved in all kinds of organisms in order to anticipate and adjust to the daily light-dark cycle. Within the last decade, the molecular machinery underlying the circadian system was unraveled. In the present study, the impact of the loss of the Per1 or Per2 genes, key components of the core clock oscillator, on body mass, food and water intake, glucose metabolism, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, was investigated in the Per1 Brd and Per2 Brd mouse models. The results reveal that the lack of Per1 but not Per2 has severe consequences for the regulation of these parameters. Specifically, in Per1 Brd animals, we found an impaired daily glucocorticoid rhythm, with markedly elevated levels during the day compared to control animals. In addition, Per1 Brd mice showed significant differences in body mass as well as food and water intake. Although the Per1 Brd are lighter than wildtype mice, food and water intake per gram body mass is elevated. In addition, the Per1 Brd mice exhibit an increased glucose metabolism after i.p. injection with glucose. In conclusion, our study presents first evidence for a link between an altered metabolism in Per1 and Per2 deficient mice, which in the case of the Per1 Brd animals might be due to an impaired corticosterone rhythm.

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Circadian oscillation of a mammalian homologue of the Drosophila period gene

Cited by 730 publications

References 25 publications

The role of clock genes and rhythmicity in the liver

The role of clock genes and rhythmicity in the liver

The regulation of neuroendocrine function: Timing is everything

Impaired daily glucocorticoid rhythm in Per1 Brd mice

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