Circadian Misalignment Increases C-Reactive Protein and Blood Pressure in Chronic Shift Workers

Morris, Christopher J.; Purvis, Taylor E.; Mistretta, Joseph; Hu, Kun; Scheer, Frank A.J.L.

doi:10.1177/0748730417697537

Cited by 143 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(98 reference statements)

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“…There is experimental and epidemiologic evidence that night shift work is associated with elevated CRP levels. In human experiments, CRP levels increased among volunteers subjected to circadian misalignment through a 12 hour delay in normal sleep hours . In the present analysis, we found no association between recent night shift work and CRP levels.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 76%

“…In a small trial, individuals allocated 4 hours per night in bed for 10 nights had a significant increase in C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels, a finding not observed among those allowed 8 hours per night in bed . These findings were later confirmed in another similar trial and in studies of night workers . Other studies show that sleep restriction results in glucose intolerance, elevations in blood pressure, higher levels of inflammatory cytokines, and coronary artery calcification …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Night shift work and cardiovascular disease biomarkers in female nurses

Johnson

Tanz

Lawson

et al. 2019

American J Industrial Med

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Background: Night shift work is associated with cardiovascular disease, but its associations with cardiovascular disease biomarkers are unclear. We investigated these associations in a study of female nurses. Methods:We used data from the Nurses' Health Study II for total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein (CRP), and fibrinogen. The sample sizes for our analysis ranged from 458 (fibrinogen) to 3574 (total cholesterol). From questionnaires, we determined the number of night shifts worked in the 2 weeks before blood collection and total years of rotating night shift work. We used quantile regression to estimate differences in biomarker levels by shift work history, adjusting for potential confounders.Results: Nurses working 1 to 4 recent night shifts had median HDL cholesterol levels 4.4 mg/dL (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.3, 7.5) lower than nurses without recent night shifts. However, working ≥5 recent night shifts and years of rotating night shift work were not associated with HDL cholesterol. There was no association between recent night shifts and CRP, but median CRP levels were 0.1 (95% CI: 0.0, 0.2), 0.2 (95% CI: 0.1, 0.4), and 0.2 (95% CI: 0.0, 0.4) mg/L higher among nurses working rotating night shifts for 1 to 5, 6 to 9, and ≥10 years compared with nurses never working rotating night shifts. These associations were attenuated when excluding postmenopausal women and women taking statins. We observed no associations between night shift work and other biomarkers. Conclusions:We found suggestive evidence of adverse short-term and long-term effects of night shift work on select cardiovascular disease biomarkers. K E Y W O R D Sbiomarkers, C-reactive protein, lipids, night shift work, nurses, women

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Night shift work and cardiovascular disease biomarkers in female nurses

Johnson

Tanz

Lawson

et al. 2019

American J Industrial Med

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“…Interestingly, some diseases linked to unsynchronized circadian rhythms in adult human and animal models (McHill & Wright, ; Morris et al . ; Murray et al . ) have been correlated with physiological alteration induced in offspring gestated in adverse prenatal conditions (Osmond & Barker, ; Fowden et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Gestational chronodisruption leads to persistent changes in the rat fetal and adult adrenal clock and function

Salazar

Richter

Spichiger

et al. 2018

The Journal of Physiology

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Light at night is essential to a 24/7 society, but it has negative consequences on health. Basically, light at night induces an alteration of our biological clocks, known as chronodisruption, with effects even when this occurs during pregnancy. Indeed, an abnormal photoperiod during gestation alters fetal development, inducing long-term effects on the offspring. Accordingly, we carried out a longitudinal study in rats, exploring the impact of gestational chronodisruption on the adrenal biorhythms and function of the offspring. Adult rats (90 days old) gestated under chronic photoperiod shift (CPS) decrease the time spent in the open arm zone of an elevated plus maze to 62% and increase the rearing time to 170%. CPS adults maintained individual daily changes in corticosterone, but their acrophases were distributed from 12.00 h to 06.00 h. CPS offspring maintained clock gene expression and oscillation, nevertheless no daily rhythm was observed in genes involved in the regulation and synthesis of steroids. Consistent with adult adrenal gland being programmed during fetal life, blunted daily rhythms of corticosterone, core clock gene machinery, and steroidogenic genes were observed in CPS fetal adrenal glands. Comparisons of the global transcriptome of CPS versus control fetal adrenal gland revealed that 1078 genes were differentially expressed (641 down-regulated and 437 up-regulated). In silico analysis revealed significant changes in Lipid Metabolism, Small Molecule Biochemistry, Cellular Development and the Inflammatory Response pathway (z score: 48-20). Altogether, the present results demonstrate that gestational chronodisruption changed fetal and adult adrenal function. This could translate to long-term abnormal stress responses and metabolic adaptation, increasing the risk of developing chronic diseases.

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“…Various studies have found an effect of circadian misalignment on the cardiovascular system, including increased blood pressure (Morris, Purvis, Hu, & Scheer, ; Scheer et al., ), which seems to be mainly due to increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure during the sleep period (Morris, Purvis, Hu, et al., ). Interestingly, also among chronic shift workers, 24‐hr systolic and diastolic blood pressure were increased during a laboratory protocol inducing circadian misalignment, with systolic blood pressure being mainly increased during the wake period and diastolic blood pressure being mainly increased during the sleep period (Morris, Purvis, Mistretta, Hu, & Scheer, ). While one study reported no effect of circadian misalignment on parasympathetic cardiac control (Scheer et al., ), a subsequent study by the same group found that parasympathetic cardiac control was decreased during circadian misalignment (Morris, Purvis, Hu, et al., ), which could provide a mechanistic explanation for the elevated blood pressure observed during circadian misalignment.…”

Section: Metabolic and Cardiovascular Effects Of Circadian Misalignmementioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic and cardiovascular consequences of shift work: The role of circadian disruption and sleep disturbances

Kervezee

Kosmadopoulos

Boivin

2018

Eur J of Neuroscience

151

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Shift work, defined as work occurring outside typical daytime working hours, is associated with an increased risk of various non‐communicable diseases, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Disruption of the internal circadian timing system and concomitant sleep disturbances is thought to play a critical role in the development of these health problems. Indeed, controlled laboratory studies have shown that short‐term circadian misalignment and sleep restriction independently impair physiological processes, including insulin sensitivity, energy expenditure, immune function, blood pressure and cardiac modulation by the autonomous nervous system. If allowed to persist, these acute effects may lead to the development of cardiometabolic diseases in the long term. Here, we discuss the evidence for the contributions of circadian disruption and associated sleep disturbances to the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular health problems in shift workers. Improving the understanding of the physiological mechanisms affected by circadian misalignment and sleep disturbance will contribute to the development and implementation of strategies that prevent or mitigate the cardiometabolic impact of shift work.

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Circadian Misalignment Increases C-Reactive Protein and Blood Pressure in Chronic Shift Workers

Cited by 143 publications

References 48 publications

Night shift work and cardiovascular disease biomarkers in female nurses

Night shift work and cardiovascular disease biomarkers in female nurses

Gestational chronodisruption leads to persistent changes in the rat fetal and adult adrenal clock and function

Metabolic and cardiovascular consequences of shift work: The role of circadian disruption and sleep disturbances

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