Circadian cortisol secretion and circadian adrenal responses to ACTH are maintained in dexamethasone suppressed capuchin monkeys (<i>Cebus apella</i>)

Torres-Farfán, Claudia; Valenzuela, Francisco; Ebensperger, Roberto; Méndez, Natalia; Campino, Carmen; Richter, Hans G.; Valenzuela, Guillermo J.; Serón-Ferré, Marı́a

doi:10.1002/ajp.20461

Cited by 27 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…We found results regarding GCM diurnal variation similar to those obtained by field and laboratory studies (e.g Kriegsfeld & Silver, 2006;Torres-Farfan et al, 2008) and we obtained significant results about the influence of different factors over individuals' GCM levels depending on their age/sex classes. Specifically, the variation of GCM levels of immature animals was associated with decreased fruit intake; the GCM levels of adult males increased mostly during the breeding season; and the variation of GCM levels in adult females might be explained by the increased energy demand during the late stage of pregnancy.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Variation of glucocorticoid metabolite levels is associated with survival demands in immature and reproductive demands in adult wild black capuchins (Sapajus nigritus)

Moreira

Santos²,

Sousa³

et al. 2016

Int. j. psychol. res.

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According to the concept of allostasis and its association with energy mobilization, glucocorticoids (GCs) should parallel cumulative energy expenditure for animal survival and reproduction. Therefore, it is expected that seasonal food shortages might lead to increased levels of GCs. We tested this hypothesis by analyzing the intra-annual variation of fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (GCM) in 14 wild black capuchin monkeys (Sapajus nigritus) living in a social group in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We analyzed the association between GCM and social and environmental variables for the three age/sex classes (adult males, adult females and immatures (juveniles and infants). Decreased fruit intake during the dry season increased the GCM levels of both immatures and adult males. Although fruit shortage influenced the allostasis of adult males, the variation in their GCM levels was more impacted by the breeding season. GCM levels of adult females varied during the late stage of pregnancy. These results suggest fruit consumption as the main source of allostatic load for immature animals, while reproductive costs had greater effect on adults. De acuerdo al concepto de alostasis y su asociación con la movilización de la energía, los glucocorticoides (GC) deben acumular en paralelo la energía para la supervivencia animal y la reproducción. Por lo tanto, se espera que la escaséz de alimentos de temporada pueda llevar al incremento de los niveles de GC. Pusimos a prueba esta hipótesis mediante el análisis de la variación intra-anual de metabolitos de glucocorticoides fecales (MGC) en 14 monos capuchinos salvajes negros (Sapajus nigritus), que vivían en un grupo social en el bosque R e s e a r c h

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Variation of glucocorticoid metabolite levels is associated with survival demands in immature and reproductive demands in adult wild black capuchins (Sapajus nigritus)

Moreira

Santos²,

Sousa³

et al. 2016

Int. j. psychol. res.

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“…It is well established that the circadian production of glucocorticoids involves the orchestrated action of the circadian rhythm of ACTH, adrenal innervation, and local adrenal factors (1)(2)(3)(4). However, there is evidence suggesting the involvement of additional regulatory factors that may include the neurohormone melatonin and an intrinsic adrenal clock (5,6).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there is evidence suggesting the involvement of additional regulatory factors that may include the neurohormone melatonin and an intrinsic adrenal clock (5,6). The capuchin monkey has a clear ACTH and plasma cortisol rhythm (4) showing maximal values in the early morning as in other diurnal nonhuman primates and the human (7)(8)(9). Recently we showed that in vivo suppression of ACTH by dexamethasone decreased cortisol production to one tenth but did not abolish a circadian rhythm of plasma cortisol in the capuchin, similar to findings in the rat (2,4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Clock Gene Expression in Adult Primate Suprachiasmatic Nuclei and Adrenal: Is the Adrenal a Peripheral Clock Responsive to Melatonin?

et al. 2008

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The circadian production of glucocorticoids involves the concerted action of several factors that eventually allow an adequate adaptation to the environment. Circadian rhythms are controlled by the circadian timing system that comprises peripheral oscillators and a central rhythm generator located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, driven by the self-regulatory interaction of a set of proteins encoded by genes named clock genes. Here we describe the phase relationship between the SCN and adrenal gland for the expression of selected core clock transcripts (Per-2, Bmal-1) in the adult capuchin monkey, a New World, diurnal nonhuman primate. In the SCN we found a higher expression of Bmal-1 during the h of darkness (2000 -0200 h) and Per-2 during daytime h (1400 h). The adrenal gland expressed clock genes in oscillatory fashion, with higher values for Bmal-1 during the day (1400 -2000 h), whereas Per-2 was higher at nighttime (about 0200 h), resulting in a 9-to 12-h antiphase pattern. In the adrenal gland, the oscillation of clock genes was accompanied by rhythmic expression of a functional output, the steroidogenic enzyme 3␤-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Furthermore, we show that adrenal explants maintained oscillatory expression of Per-2 and Bmal-1 for at least 36 h in culture. The acrophase of both transcripts, but not its overall expression along the incubation, was blunted by 100 nM melatonin. Altogether, these results demonstrate oscillation of clock genes in the SCN and adrenal gland of a diurnal primate and support an oscillation of clock genes in the adrenal gland that may be modulated by the neurohormone melatonin.

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“…A fixed time was chosen for collection because cortisol levels in primates fluctuate daily [16,17]. Fecal samples were collected from all six animals before and after removal, and were only collected when the producer could be identified; zoo staff helped with this process.…”

Section: Fecal Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior and adrenal activity in a group of zoo golden snub-nosed monkeys, Rhinopithecus roxellana, following social structure change

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2013

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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The effects of individual removal by zoo managers on behavior and fecal glucocorticoid changes in snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) were investigated at Beijing Zoo. The results showed that the effect of the removal of three subordinate individuals (DD, male, 4 years; XZZ, male, 3 years and LL, female, 3 years) from a group varied across the remaining group members that may be related to individual's social status, gender and age. The dominant male was impacted less than subordinate individuals in both the frequency and time duration for the four main behavioral categories. The frequency of stereotypic behavior significantly decreased in the dominant female after the removal of three animals (Z=2.862, P=0.003). Fluctuations were found in both the behavioral frequency and time duration in other remaining individuals. These findings suggest that small, socially stable groups were somewhat resilient to changes in member composition. Moreover, the cortisol level did not change significantly in the remaining members. An alternative method of hormone assay using fecal samples for vulnerable animals was presented, and that may be useful for monitoring wild golden monkeys and other endangered species of animal. animal welfare, artificial separation, resident, golden snub-nosed monkey, Rhinopithecus roxellana, social structure Citation:Zhang X L, He X, Liu D Z, et al. Behavior and adrenal activity in a group of zoo golden snub-nosed monkeys, Rhinopithecus roxellana, following social structure change.

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Circadian cortisol secretion and circadian adrenal responses to ACTH are maintained in dexamethasone suppressed capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella)

Cited by 27 publications

References 31 publications

Variation of glucocorticoid metabolite levels is associated with survival demands in immature and reproductive demands in adult wild black capuchins (Sapajus nigritus)

Variation of glucocorticoid metabolite levels is associated with survival demands in immature and reproductive demands in adult wild black capuchins (Sapajus nigritus)

Clock Gene Expression in Adult Primate Suprachiasmatic Nuclei and Adrenal: Is the Adrenal a Peripheral Clock Responsive to Melatonin?

Behavior and adrenal activity in a group of zoo golden snub-nosed monkeys, Rhinopithecus roxellana, following social structure change

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