Circadian clock of Drosophila montana is adapted to high variation in summer day lengths and temperatures prevailing at high latitudes

Kauranen, Hannele; Ala‐Honkola, Outi; Kankare, Maaria

doi:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2016.03.005

Cited by 19 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…In addition to a putatively altered molecular clock, high latitude flies possess an altered neuronal clock network in comparison to Drosophila species that remained in tropic regions or colonized temperate regions on earth (Bahn et al., ; Hermann et al., ; Kauranen et al., ; Kauranen, Ala‐Honkola, Kankare, & Hoikkala, ; Menegazzi et al., ; Beauchamp et al., ). In the following, we will summarize the most important aspects of the clock network in the brain of D. melanogaster and then describe the observed alterations in the brains of high latitude species.…”

Section: Evolutionary Adaptations Of the Neuronal Clock Network Acrosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flies as models for circadian clock adaptation to environmental challenges

Helfrich‐Förster

Bertolini

Menegazzi

2018

Eur J of Neuroscience

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Life on earth is assumed to have developed in tropical regions that are characterized by regular 24 hr cycles in irradiance and temperature that remain the same throughout the seasons. All organisms developed circadian clocks that predict these environmental cycles and prepare the organisms in advance for them. A central question in chronobiology is how endogenous clocks changed in order to anticipate very different cyclical environmental conditions such as extremely short and long photoperiods existing close to the poles. Flies of the family Drosophilidae can be found all over the world—from the tropics to subarctic regions—making them unprecedented models for studying the evolutionary processes that underlie the adaptation of circadian clocks to different latitudes. This review summarizes our current understanding of these processes. We discuss evolutionary changes in the clock genes and in the clock network in the brain of different Drosophilids that may have caused behavioural adaptations to high latitudes.

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Section: Evolutionary Adaptations Of the Neuronal Clock Network Acrosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flies as models for circadian clock adaptation to environmental challenges

Helfrich‐Förster

Bertolini

Menegazzi

2018

Eur J of Neuroscience

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“… 2 . Several recent reviews discuss regulatory features of diapause including hormonal molecular regulation 3 , 4 , the circadian clock 5 – 7 and energy utilization 8 – 10 . One unifying theme for diapause in insects may be through a hormonal signalling pathway, which has been linked to diverse features of the diapause process 11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormone Signaling Regulates Nymphal Diapause in Laodelphax striatellus (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

Zhai

Zhang

Gao

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Diapause is a physiological adaptation that allows an organism to survive adverse environmental conditions. Diapause occurs at a specific developmental stage in each species. There are few reports regarding the molecular regulatory mechanism of nymphal diapause in Laodelphax striatellus, which is an important graminaceous crop pest. Our previous studies identified the conditions for nymphal diapause in this species. Here, we combined RNA sequencing transcriptomics and quantitative proteomic analyses to identify nymphal diapause-related genes and proteins. The analysis of differentially regulated genes identified four gene/protein pairs that were synchronously up-regulated, and six gene/protein pairs that were synchronously down-regulated, suggesting that these genes may regulate nymphal diapause. The up-regulated gene juvenile hormone acid methyl transferase (JHAMT) and the down-regulated gene cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP314A1, Shd) were chosen for further functional studies. After knocking-down of LsJHAMT and LsShd in vivo by RNA interference, the titer of JH III and 20E decreased significantly, and the duration of the nymphal development period was severely altered. Thus LsJHAMT and LsShd regulated JH III and 20E titers in the hemolymph to control the nymphal diapause status. This study may lead to new information on the regulation nymphal diapause of this important agricultural insect pest.

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“…This is suggested to be an adaptation to the long (even continuous) days during the flies’ mating season in early summer in the northern latitudes ( Kauranen et al 2012 ). Kauranen et al (2016) also investigated locomotor activity of D. montana flies in different light-dark cycles for two weeks and found out that in LL (19°) the flies free run with period of 23 hr and in LD 22:2 (19/13°) the flies entrained rhythms were very close to 24 hr. The authors also resolved that the mean locomotor activity did not change between the groups of flies collected from the above mentioned light dark cycles ( Kauranen et al 2016 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Kauranen et al (2016) also investigated locomotor activity of D. montana flies in different light-dark cycles for two weeks and found out that in LL (19°) the flies free run with period of 23 hr and in LD 22:2 (19/13°) the flies entrained rhythms were very close to 24 hr. The authors also resolved that the mean locomotor activity did not change between the groups of flies collected from the above mentioned light dark cycles ( Kauranen et al 2016 ). Moreover, D. montana lacks the morning activity peak typical to D. melanogaster ( Kauranen et al 2012 ) as do also D. ezoana and D. littoralis ( Menegazzi et al 2017 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, in a northern, highly cold tolerant D. montana fly, peak expression levels of tim and per genes have been found to be similar to each other in several conditions from continuous light in early summer to the shorter day lengths and cooler temperatures in late summer, typical to northern environments ( Kauranen et al 2016 ). Consequently, both the photoperiod and the daily temperature cycles are important cues for seasonal changes in the circadian rhythm of D. montana ( Kauranen et al 2016 ). This offers a good possibility to the study fundamentals of expression level differences, including patterns of AS, in tim and to get some insights on their role in adaptation to seasonally varying environmental conditions.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Photosensitive Alternative Splicing of the Circadian Clock Gene timeless Is Population Specific in a Cold-Adapted Fly, Drosophila montana

Tapanainen

Parker

Kankare

2018

G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics

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To function properly, organisms must adjust their physiology, behavior and metabolism in response to a suite of varying environmental conditions. One of the central regulators of these changes is organisms’ internal circadian clock, and recent evidence has suggested that the clock genes are also important in the regulation of seasonal adjustments. In particular, thermosensitive splicing of the core clock gene timeless in a cosmopolitan fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has implicated this gene to be involved in thermal adaptation. To further investigate this link we examined the splicing of timeless in a northern malt fly species, Drosophila montana, which can withstand much colder climatic conditions than its southern relative. We studied northern and southern populations from two different continents (North America and Europe) to find out whether and how the splicing of this gene varies in response to different temperatures and day lengths. Interestingly, we found that the expression of timeless splice variants was sensitive to differences in light conditions, and while the flies of all study populations showed a change in the usage of splice variants in constant light compared to LD 22:2, the direction of the shift varied between populations. Overall, our findings suggest that the splicing of timeless in northern Drosophila montana flies is photosensitive, rather than thermosensitive and highlights the value of studying multiple species and populations in order to gain perspective on the generality of gene function changes in different kinds of environmental conditions.

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Circadian clock of Drosophila montana is adapted to high variation in summer day lengths and temperatures prevailing at high latitudes

Cited by 19 publications

References 48 publications

Flies as models for circadian clock adaptation to environmental challenges

Flies as models for circadian clock adaptation to environmental challenges

Hormone Signaling Regulates Nymphal Diapause in Laodelphax striatellus (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

Photosensitive Alternative Splicing of the Circadian Clock Gene timeless Is Population Specific in a Cold-Adapted Fly, Drosophila montana

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