Circadian clock in cell culture: I. Oscillation of melatonin release from dissociated chick pineal cells in flow-through microcarrier culture

Robertson, Linda M.; Takahashi, Joseph S.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.08-01-00012.1988

Cited by 117 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…PGs might be part of the endogenous oscillator that generates this rhythm in cultured chick pineal cells. Alternatively, PGs accumulated in cell cultures might be responsible for the damping of the NAT rhythm observed in continuous darkness (Robertson and Takahashi, 1988). Examining the effects of cyclooxygenase inhibitors on the NAT rhythm and measuring PG production by chick pineal cells during a 24-h cycle should help to elucidate this point.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prostaglandins Stimulate Serotonin Acetylation in Chick Pineal Cells: Involvement of Cyclic AMP‐Dependent and Calcium/Calmodulin‐Dependent Mechanisms

Voisin

Camp

Pontoire

et al. 1993

Journal of Neurochemistry

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Abstract:The effects of prostaglandins (PGs) on the activity of the rate-limiting enzyme of melatonin biosynthesis, arylalkylamine-N-acetyltransferase (NAT) were investigated on primary cultures of dispersed chick pineal cells. In indomethacin-treated cells, PGs caused a four-fold increase in NAT activity. This response was associated with an eightfold increase in cyclic AMP (CAMP) levels. The potency order of PGs was the same for NAT and for cAMP responses (PGE, > PGE, > PGF,, % cloprostenol). However, each PG tested was 30-to 200-fold more potent to increase NAT activity than to stimulate cAMP accumulation. As a result, half-maximal stimulation of NAT by PGs was not associated with an increase in cAMP levels. Half-maximal stimulation of NAT by PGE, was highly sensitive to inhibition by a calcium/calmodulin antagonist (W-7). In contrast, maximal stimulation of NAT by PGE, as well as stimulations evoked by either forskolin or 8-bromo-CAMP were poorly sensitive to inhibition by W-7. These results indicate that an increase in cAMP levels may be responsible for the maximal stimulation of NAT evoked by PGs, whereas halfmaximal stimulation of NAT by PGs would rely principally on a calcium/calmodulin-dependent mechanism.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prostaglandins Stimulate Serotonin Acetylation in Chick Pineal Cells: Involvement of Cyclic AMP‐Dependent and Calcium/Calmodulin‐Dependent Mechanisms

Voisin

Camp

Pontoire

et al. 1993

Journal of Neurochemistry

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“…In other landmark experiments in mammals, Welsh et al 12 established that the oscillatory machinery in rats functions within individual cultured SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS (SCN) neurons (discussed in detail later). The cellautonomous nature of circadian oscillators in multicellular organisms has also been demonstrated in diverse tissues in D. melanogaster 13,14 , in cultured mammalian tissues and immortalized cell lines [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] , in cells from the retinas of amphibians and birds [23][24][25][26][27] , and in the pineal glands of birds, reptiles and fish [28][29][30][31][32][33][34] .What is known about the mechanism of a cell-autonomous oscillator? In recent years, great strides have been made by using genetic techniques to identify key components of core oscillator mechanisms in bacteria and diverse eukaryotes, and in understanding the basic principles of circadian-oscillator function.…”

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confidence: 99%

Circadian rhythms from multiple oscillators: lessons from diverse organisms

et al. 2005

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The organization of biological activities into daily cycles is universal in organisms as diverse as cyanobacteria, fungi, algae, plants, flies, birds and man. Comparisons of circadian clocks in unicellular and multicellular organisms using molecular genetics and genomics have provided new insights into the mechanisms and complexity of clock systems. Whereas unicellular organisms require stand-alone clocks that can generate 24-hour rhythms for diverse processes, organisms with differentiated tissues can partition clock function to generate and coordinate different rhythms. In both cases, the temporal coordination of a multi-oscillator system is essential for producing robust circadian rhythms of gene expression and biological activity.The temporal coordination of internal biological processes, both among these processes and with external environmental cycles, is crucial to the health and survival of diverse organisms, from bacteria to humans. Central to this coordination is an internal CLOCK that controls CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS of gene expression and the resulting biological activity (BOX 1). Despite disparate phylogenetic origins and vast differences in complexity among the species that show circadian rhythmicity, at the core of all circadian clocks is at least one internal autonomous circadian OSCILLATOR. These oscillators contain positive and negative elements that form autoregulatory feedback loops, and in many cases these loops are used to generate 24-hour timing circuits 1, 2 . Components of these loops can directly or indirectly receive environmental input to allow ENTRAINMENT of the clock to environmental time and transfer temporal information through output Competing interests statementThe authors declare no competing financial interests. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptNat Rev Genet. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2009 September 1. Published in final edited form as:Nat Rev Genet. 2005 July ; 6(7): 544-556. doi:10.1038/nrg1633. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript pathways to regulate rhythmic clock-controlled gene (CCG) expression and rhythmic biological activity.Whereas a self-contained clock in single-celled organisms programmes 24-hour rhythms in diverse processes, multicellular organisms with differentiated tissues can partition clock function among different cell types to coordinate tissue-specific rhythms and maintain precision. Now that individual molecular circadian oscillators have been sufficiently described, it has become possible to go beyond single oscillators to try and understand how multiple oscillators are integrated into circadian systems. Evidence accumulated in recent years indicates that the intracellular oscillator systems of single-celled organisms might be more complex than those of higher eukaryotes, whereas the complexity of circadian outputs in multicellular organisms is an emergent property of intercellular interactions. In this review, we discuss the complexity of the circadian clocks on the basis of molecular genetic and geno...

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“…1 and 2 are not smoothed). Then midpoint phase reference was calculated by averaging the times for the halfrise and half-fall (Robertson and Takahashi, 1988;Cahill and Besharse, 1991). In this study, the 4th midpoint corresponding to the third cycle in DD was used as the phase reference point to calculate phase shift compared with the vehicle-treated control kept in DD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Macromolecule Synthesis Inhibitors on Light-Induced Phase Shift of the Circadian Rhythm in Melatonin Release from the Cultured Pineal Organ of a Teleost, Ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis)

Masuda¹,

Iigo²,

Mizusawa³

et al. 2003

Zoological Science

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Circadian clock in cell culture: I. Oscillation of melatonin release from dissociated chick pineal cells in flow-through microcarrier culture

Cited by 117 publications

References 23 publications

Prostaglandins Stimulate Serotonin Acetylation in Chick Pineal Cells: Involvement of Cyclic AMP‐Dependent and Calcium/Calmodulin‐Dependent Mechanisms

Prostaglandins Stimulate Serotonin Acetylation in Chick Pineal Cells: Involvement of Cyclic AMP‐Dependent and Calcium/Calmodulin‐Dependent Mechanisms

Circadian rhythms from multiple oscillators: lessons from diverse organisms

Effects of Macromolecule Synthesis Inhibitors on Light-Induced Phase Shift of the Circadian Rhythm in Melatonin Release from the Cultured Pineal Organ of a Teleost, Ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis)

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