Circadian clock gene variants and their link with chronotype, chrononutrition, sleeping patterns and obesity in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC) study

Molina‐Montes, Esther; Rodriguez‐Barranco, Miguel; Ching-López, Ana; Artacho, Reyes; Huerta, José María; Amiano, Pilar; Lasheras, Cristina; Moreno‐Iribas, Conchi; Jiménez-Zabala, Ana; Chirlaque, María‐Dolores; Barricarte, Aurelio; Luján-Barroslo, Leila; Agudo, Antonio; Jakszyn, Paula; Quiŕos, J. Ramón; Sánchez, María José

doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2022.07.027

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Lastly, previous studies have found differences in the obesity risk related to TAS2R38-rs713598 [ 79 , 80 ], FTO-rs9939606 [ 81 , 82 , 83 ], and CLOCK-rs4580704 [ 3 , 8 , 84 ], which is consistent with our findings. In our work on sleep and eating patterns, we found a modulating effect only on the midpoint of sleep for all three genes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In relation to the FTO polymorphism, rs9939609 has been related to dietary intake [ 35 ], but as far as we know, no evidence exists for relationships with eating timing patterns. Consistent with our results for CLOCK-rs4580704 and eating and sleep patterns, Molina-Montes et al [ 3 ] failed to reach statistical significance between the 12 SNPs in the 6 core clock genes (PER1, PER2, PER3, CRY1, NR1D1, and CLOCK) and the chronobiology variables in the 3183 subjects from the EPIC study. However, a study performed in a laboratory setting found that the internal circadian system regulates the temporality of hunger and appetite [ 68 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Numerous physiological, metabolic, and behavioral systems, including the sleep–wake and feeding–fasting cycles, are regulated by circadian rhythms [ 1 , 2 ]. The molecular oscillators responsible for these functions are known as circadian clocks [ 3 ]. These include the hypothalamus suprachiasmatic nucleus, which contains the brain’s primary clock, and different clocks in the peripheral tissues that orchestrate 24 h cycles at the transcriptional level [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Timing of Meals and Sleep in the Mediterranean Population: The Effect of Taste, Genetics, Environmental Determinants, and Interactions on Obesity Phenotypes

et al. 2023

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Circadian rhythms regulate the sleep–wake and feeding–fasting cycles. Sleep and feeding constitute a complex cycle that is determined by several factors. Despite the importance of sleep duration and mealtimes for many obesity phenotypes, most studies on dietary patterns have not investigated the contribution of these variables to the phenotypes analyzed. Likewise, they have not investigated the factors related to sleep or mealtimes. Thus, our aims were to investigate the link between taste perception and eating/sleep patterns and to analyze the effect of the interactions between sleep/meal patterns and genetic factors on obesity phenotypes. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis on 412 adults from the Mediterranean population. We measured taste perception (bitter, sweet, salty, sour, and umami) and assessed sleep duration and waketime. The midpoint of sleep and social jetlag was computed. From the self-reported timing of meals, we estimated the eating window, eating midpoint, and eating jetlag. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was measured with a validated score. Selected polymorphisms in the TAS2R38, CLOCK, and FTO genes were determined, and their associations and interactions with relevant phenotypes were analyzed. We found various associations between temporal eating, sleep patterns, and taste perception. A higher bitter taste perception was associated with an earlier eating midpoint (p = 0.001), breakfast time (p = 0.043), dinner time (p = 0.009), waketime (p < 0.001), and midpoint of sleep (p = 0.009). Similar results were observed for the bitter taste polymorphism TAS2R38-rs713598, a genetic instrumental variable for bitter perception, increasing the causality of the associations. Moreover, significant gene–sleep interactions were detected between the midpoint of sleep and the TAS2R38-rs713598 (p = 0.032), FTO-rs9939609 (p = 0.037), and CLOCK-rs4580704 (p = 0.004) polymorphisms which played a role in determining obesity phenotypes. In conclusion, our study provided more information on the sleep and mealtime patterns of the general Spanish Mediterranean population than on their main relationships. Moreover, we were able to show significant associations between taste perception, specifically bitter taste; sleep time; and mealtimes as well as an interaction between sleep time and several genetic variants linked to obesity phenotypes. However, additional research is needed to better characterize the causality and mechanisms behind these associations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Timing of Meals and Sleep in the Mediterranean Population: The Effect of Taste, Genetics, Environmental Determinants, and Interactions on Obesity Phenotypes

et al. 2023

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“…The age restriction was based on evidence showing that the effect of chronotype and social jetlag diminishes in older generations [ 1 ] while the different sex-specific cut-off points for ages allowed us to obtain a balanced sample by sex. In total, the initial sample included 4224 (75.5%) subjects, of which 2540 were women (892 from Asturias, 824 from Granada, 885 from Murcia, 795 from Navarra, and 828 from Gipuzkoa) ( Supplementary Figure S1 ) [ 34 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breakfast Size and Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Spanish Cohort

et al. 2023

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Background: Recent evidence suggest that energy distribution during the daytimecould be a potential determinant for the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Objective: To cross-sectionally assess the association between breakfast size and the prevalence of MetS in Spanish adults. Methods: Our study included a subset of 3644 participants from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Spain study recontacted between 2017–2018. Information on diet, sociodemographic, lifestyle, sleep quality, and chronotype was collected using standardized questionnaires, while anthropometric and blood pressure data were measured in a face-to-face personal interview by a nurse. MetS was defined according to the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATPIII) definition by measuring serum levels of total cholesterol, tryglycerides and glucose. Breakfast size was calculated as: (energy from breakfast/total energy intake) * 2000 kcal. To evaluate the association between breakfast size and MetS prevalence, a multivariable logistic regression model adjusted by potential confounders was used to estimate OR and 95% CI. Results: Prevalence of MetS in our study was 40.7%. The mean breakfast size was 306.6 * 2000 kcal (15% of the total daily energy intake), with 14 (0.4%) participants skipping breakfast. Participants in the highest quartile of breakfast size had a lower MetS prevalence compared to participants in the lowest quartile (ORQ4vsQ1 = 0.62; 95% CI = 0.51–0.76; p-trend < 0.001). No modification of the estimated ORs by sex, breakfast time, and number of eating occasions per day were observed. Conclusion: Our results suggest that higher breakfast size is associated with lower prevalence of MetS in Spanish adults, supporting the importance of a high energy breakfast. Further prospective studies are necessary to confirm these findings.

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“…In addition to the age, gender and societal set-up, an individual’s chronotype is also influenced by their genetic makeup and various genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and candidate-gene approaches have associated more than 350 loci with the morning chronotype and, not surprisingly, these include the components from the clock machinery [ 40 ]. Genetic variants within the clock machinery have been associated with sleep patterns, variation in energy intake, waist circumference, obesity and metabolic diseases ( Table 1 ) [ 41 , 42 , 43 ]. Both morning and evening chronotypes are multigenic and are influenced by the environment, whereas non-genetic factors such as artificial light and social pressures contribute more to the evening chronotype [ 44 ].…”

Section: Chronotypes Chronodisruption and Energy Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Chrononutrition—When We Eat Is of the Essence in Tackling Obesity

Ahluwalia

2022

Nutrients

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Obesity is a chronic and relapsing public health problem with an extensive list of associated comorbidities. The worldwide prevalence of obesity has nearly tripled over the last five decades and continues to pose a serious threat to wider society and the wellbeing of future generations. The pathogenesis of obesity is complex but diet plays a key role in the onset and progression of the disease. The human diet has changed drastically across the globe, with an estimate that approximately 72% of the calories consumed today come from foods that were not part of our ancestral diets and are not compatible with our metabolism. Additionally, multiple nutrient-independent factors, e.g., cost, accessibility, behaviours, culture, education, work commitments, knowledge and societal set-up, influence our food choices and eating patterns. Much research has been focused on ‘what to eat’ or ‘how much to eat’ to reduce the obesity burden, but increasingly evidence indicates that ‘when to eat’ is fundamental to human metabolism. Aligning feeding patterns to the 24-h circadian clock that regulates a wide range of physiological and behavioural processes has multiple health-promoting effects with anti-obesity being a major part. This article explores the current understanding of the interactions between the body clocks, bioactive dietary components and the less appreciated role of meal timings in energy homeostasis and obesity.

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Circadian clock gene variants and their link with chronotype, chrononutrition, sleeping patterns and obesity in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC) study

Cited by 12 publications

References 54 publications

Timing of Meals and Sleep in the Mediterranean Population: The Effect of Taste, Genetics, Environmental Determinants, and Interactions on Obesity Phenotypes

Timing of Meals and Sleep in the Mediterranean Population: The Effect of Taste, Genetics, Environmental Determinants, and Interactions on Obesity Phenotypes

Breakfast Size and Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Spanish Cohort

Chrononutrition—When We Eat Is of the Essence in Tackling Obesity

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