Circadian and circaseptan (about-weekly) aspects of immigrant Indians' blood pressure and heart rate in California, USA

Abstract

Time structurally (chronomically) interpreted half-hourly monitoring of blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) for at least 7 days and preferably for 17 days is recommended, separately for a diagnosis of BP disorders and when necessary again for the same or longer spans for treatment, whenever a positive diagnosis of a disorder is made. In this study, 30 clinically healthy subjects underwent 7-day monitoring and provided a series of findings, including the detection of Circadian Hyper-Amplitude-Tension (CHAT), that is blood pressure overswinging, which carries a high risk of hard cardiovascular events. The results specifically bear upon south-east Asian-Indian immigrants. They show that cardiovascular disease risk increases with age, with a positive family history of hypertension and/or other cardiovascular diseases and even with the duration of stay in the USA. A relation to body mass index is also shown. Such monitoring for prehabilitation may eventually reduce the need for rehabilitation.

Association of Western Diet and Lifestyle with Circadian Hyperamplitude Tension and Mesor Hypertension Measured by Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring

“…These disorders in conjunction with premetabolic syndrome may be grouped under vascular variability syndromes as proposed by Halberg [4]. In one study among Asiatic Indian immigrants to United States [15], 3-7 days ambulatory blood pressure monitoring revealed a high prevalence of VVDs compared to Caucasians.…”

“…Wilson and co-workers have also emphasized on analytical performance characteristics and chronobiological considerations in quality control [13]. Chronobiology is the science, in which we study biological functions according to time structure, and it establishes a strong relation of mind with brain, and its effects on body functions and dysfunctions such as vascular variability syndromes (VVSs) [1,[14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

Can Environmental Factors Predispose Noncommunicable Diseases?

“…There is a need to conduct similar studies using Mediterranean diet rich in w-3 fatty acids with w-6/w-3 ratio of 1:1 in the regression of atherosclerosis because mounting evidence indicate that such a diet can cause significant reduction in CVDs mortality and all cause mortality (23). International agencies like WHO, International College of Nutrition and International College of Cardiology and the BIOCOS group are planning several strategies for prevention of NCDs in the world [46][47][48][49][50][51].…”

“…Chronobiology is the only science, which establishes a clear relation between brain and body functions [46][47][48][49][50][51]. Environmental factors causing damage during fetal life may have lifetime consequences, which may be described as programming or adaptations or microcompititions.…”

“…The WHO Action Plan includes 6 specific objectives: to raise the priority given to chronic diseases in national and global development plans and strategies for integrating strategies of prevention and control into policies across all government departments to establish and to improve national policies and plans for the prevention and control of NCDs: to promote measures to reduce the major modifiable risk factors for chronic diseases: tobacco use, unhealthy diet, lack of exercise and abuse of alcohol to promote research for prevention and control of chronic diseases to promote partnerships for the prevention and control of chronic diseases : to monitor chronic diseases and their determinants and evaluate progress at the national, regional and global level [1][2][3][4][5]. These efforts are definitely commendable but have some limitations because clear definition of healthy diet as well as strain and depression as a risk factor of chronic diseases using chronobiological approach have not been addressed [9,[46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57]. International College of Nutrition and International College of Cardiology in their new guidelines [23] emphasize that eating 400g/day of fruits, vegetables and nuts and another 400g/day of whole grains inconjunction with canola oil or blended oil containing olive oil+ w-3 rich oil (flexed seed oil) may be protective against CVDs, also possibly NCDs.…”