circ_0041795 Induces YAP1 Upregulation to Accelerate the Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy through Binding to miR-589-5p

Abstract

Background. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases, and circ_0041795 was shown to promote the progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR). The aim of this study was to explore the molecular mechanism of circ_0041795 in DR. Methods. Human retinal pigment epithelial cells ARPE-19 were treated with high glucose (HG). circ_0041795, miR-589-5p, and Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) levels were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. Biological behaviors were examined by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay for cell viability, EdU assay for cell proliferation, flow cytometry for cell apoptosis, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for cell inflammation. Oxidative stress was assessed via the commercial kits. Western blot was performed for analysis of protein expression. The molecular binding was assessed via dual-luciferase reporter assay and pull-down assay. Results. HG-induced inhibiting effects on cell viability and proliferation but promoting effects on cell apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress were ameliorated by silence of circ_0041795. circ_0041795 was identified to act as a miR-589-5p sponge. The regulation of circ_0041795 in HG-induced cell injury was achieved by inhibiting miR-589-5p. miR-589-5p targeted YAP1 and relieved HG-induced cell dysfunction via downregulating YAP1. circ_0041795 sponged miR-589-5p to regulate YAP1 level and activated the NF-κB pathway through the miR-589-5p/YAP1 axis. Conclusion. All these results elucidated that circ_0041795 facilitated the development of DR by inducing miR-589-5p-mediated YAP1 upregulation.

Oxidative Stress and Its Regulation in Diabetic Retinopathy

“…Circular RNAs have also been implicated in the pathophysiology of oxidative damage in diabetic retinopathy [ 191 , 192 , 193 , 194 ]. Studies demonstrated ceRNA activity of three separate circRNA, i.e., circFTO (targeting miR-148-3p in ARPE-19), circSLC16A12 (targeting miR-140-3p in HREC), and circRNA_0084043 (targeting miR-140-3p in ARPE-19), and knockdown of these circRNAs reduced MDA content and increased SOD and/or glutathione peroxidase activity, indicating a reduction in oxidative stress [ 195 , 196 , 197 ].…”

“…A summary of the lncRNA and circRNA discussed in this section is shown in Table 2. Increased oxidative stress and inflammation and apoptosis [193] circ_0000615 circRNA Upregulated miR-646, YAP1 Increased ROS production and apoptosis [194] circFTO circRNA Upregulated miR-148-3p, TGFA Increased oxidative stress and inflammation [195] circSLC16A12 circRNA Upregulated miR-140-3p, FGF2…”

Retracted: circ_0041795 Induces YAP1 Upregulation to Accelerate the Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy through Binding to miR‐589‐5p

“…This article has been retracted by Hindawi following an investigation undertaken by the publisher [ 1 ]. This investigation has uncovered evidence of one or more of the following indicators of systematic manipulation of the publication process: Discrepancies in scope Discrepancies in the description of the research reported Discrepancies between the availability of data and the research described Inappropriate citations Incoherent, meaningless and/or irrelevant content included in the article Peer-review manipulation …”

“…This article has been retracted by Hindawi following an investigation undertaken by the publisher [1]. This investigation has uncovered evidence of one or more of the following indicators of systematic manipulation of the publication process:…”