Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Kentucky ST198 in Broiler Chicken Supply Chain and Patients, China, 2010–2016

Zhou, Xiong; Wang, Shaojun; Huang, Yanwei; Gao, Yuan; Shen, Huiyong; Chen, Zhengquan; Bai, Jie; Zhan, Zeqiang; Wen, Jing; Liao, Ming; Zhang, Jianmin

doi:10.3390/microorganisms8010140

Cited by 32 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…The data suggest that the positivity ratio for S. Kentucky ST198 was lower in China than in Europe (0.5% to 1%) and comparable to that in the United States (0.2%) (4, 5). The higher positivity ratio detected in food isolates than in clinical isolates is consistent with the previous findings that domestic poultry and poultry sources largely contribute to the global spread of ST198 (4,12,13). Additionally, our data showed that ST314 was the second most prevalent subpopulation in S. Kentucky.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Together, our findings show that the positivity ratio for S. Kentucky ST198 among S. enterica isolates was 0.18% (27/15,405) in China, which is ca. 2-fold lower than that reported in a previous study (0.39% [40/16,247]) (12). This difference could be caused by different regions included in the sample collection.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 63%

“…Previous studies show that PMQR genes are rarely carried by ST198 isolates, while they seem more common in Chinese isolates. A recent report revealed that aac(6′)-Ib-cr (19/63) and qnr -type genes (9/63) are the prevalent PMQR genes among ST198 isolates collected in China ( 12 ). The emergence of PMQR genes would further largely facilitate the wide dissemination of quinolone resistance among ST198 clones.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, a Chinese group performed an epidemiological investigation of S . Kentucky strains collected from clinical cases and the poultry supply chain between 2010 and 2016 in China ( 12 ). Using XbaI pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and MLST, the study determined that 35.0% (63/180) of S .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, we noted that the WGS study lacked Chinese isolates, and only one historical genome retrieved from GenBank was included. More recently, a Chinese group performed an epidemiological investigation of S. Kentucky strains collected from clinical cases and the poultry supply chain between 2010 and 2016 in China (12). Using XbaI pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and MLST, the study determined that 35.0% (63/180) of S. Kentucky strains were ST198 and that 60.3% of ST198 isolates (38/63) were resistant to ciprofloxacin.…”

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confidence: 99%

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National Prevalence of Salmonella enterica Serotype Kentucky ST198 with High-Level Resistance to Ciprofloxacin and Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporins in China, 2013 to 2017

et al. 2021

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Salmonella enterica serotype Kentucky is frequently associated with high-level fluoroquinolone resistance and has gained epidemiological importance globally. A retrospective screening was performed to understand the national prevalence of ciprofloxacin-resistant S. Kentucky in China. S. enterica strains (n = 15,405) were collected within the frame of two national surveillance networks between 2013 and 2017. Thirty-three S. Kentucky strains were detected in 5 of 10 provinces, and 27 were assigned to sequence type 198 (ST198). The 27 isolates were multidrug resistant, with high-level resistance to ciprofloxacin, and 21 isolates were further resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs). Phylogenomic analysis classified ST198 isolates into two clades (198.1 and 198.2), and recent occurrences of inter-/intraregion and interhost transmission were identified. Phylogenetic reconstruction with a global collection showed that one subclade of clade 198.2 was clustered with historical strains from Egypt, and the other one was clustered with strains from Southeast Asia. Isolates of clade 198.1 were clustered with strains isolated from North America. The various patterns of mutations detected in quinolone resistance-determining regions of GyrA and ParC are accordant with the phylogenetic structure. These findings indicate that our isolates may have various origins. SGI1 was exclusively detected in isolates of clade 198.2 with a highly mosaic structure, which were mainly identified as SGI1-K derivatives. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes qnrS1 and aac(6′)-Ib-cr were identified in three isolates, and blaCTX-M-9 and blaCTX-M-27 were detected in 20 of 21 ESC-resistant isolates. This is the first report of the genetic and epidemiological characterization for the S. Kentucky epidemic clone ST198 in China, warranting the necessity of surveillance for the high-risk clone. IMPORTANCE Ciprofloxacin and extended-spectrum cephalosporins are the choice for treatment of severe nontyphoidal S. enterica infections in adults. S. enterica serotype Kentucky ST198 has gained epidemiological importance globally, because the clone is frequently resistant to both of these high-level-resistance drug groups. The genetic and epidemiological characterization of S. Kentucky has been well studied in Western countries; however, the information is unclear for China. To fill in the gap, we here did a retrospective screening on a large collection in China, and ST198 isolates were systematically analyzed by whole-genome sequencing. Our study revealed that multidrug-resistant ST198 has spread in five provinces, and the occurrences of interregion and cross-host clonal disseminations were detected. Of note, phylogenomic analysis suggests that the Chinese isolates may have emerged with diverse origins, including Egypt, Southeast Asia, and North America. This study warrants the necessity of surveillance for the high-risk clone to prevent its further dissemination in China.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 63%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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