Cinnamon: A systematic review of adverse events

Hajimonfarednejad, Mahdie; Ostovar, Mohadeseh; Raee, Mohammad Javad; Hashempur, Mohammad Hashem; Mayer, Johannes Gottfried; Heydari, Mojtaba

doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2018.03.013

Cited by 89 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Functional foods have been used traditionally for medicinal purposes through history [1,2]. In recent decades, there is an increasing interest in research on functional foods and dietary supplements for different diseases [3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemistry, Safety, Pharmacological Activities, and Clinical Applications of Turmeric: A Mechanistic Review

Ahmad

Hussain

Sultan³

et al. 2020

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Self Cite

102

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Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is a popular natural drug, traditionally used for the treatment of a wide range of diseases. Its root, as its most popular part used for medicinal purposes, contains different types of phytochemicals and minerals. This review summarizes what is currently known on biochemistry, safety, pharmacological activities (mechanistically), and clinical applications of turmeric. In short, curcumin is considered as the fundamental constituent in ground turmeric rhizome. Turmeric possesses several biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antimutagenic, antimicrobial, antiobesity, hypolipidemic, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective effects. These reported pharmacologic activities make turmeric an important option for further clinical research. Also, there is a discussion on its safety and toxicity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemistry, Safety, Pharmacological Activities, and Clinical Applications of Turmeric: A Mechanistic Review

Ahmad

Hussain

Sultan³

et al. 2020

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Self Cite

102

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“…It belongs to the Lauraceae family and possesses significant biological activities including antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, antiallergic, antitumor, antilipemic, antidiabetic, antipyretic, antiulcerogenic, antihypertensive, gastroprotective, and immunomodulatory and anesthetic effects. [1,2] Also, it is used for several conditions systems, converts acetylcholine (ACh) to choline and (Ch) acetate. [52,53] It was reported that the reduced levels of Ach in the hippocampus and cortex had great biochemical changes in patients with AD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticholinergic, antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of cinnamon ( cinnamomum verum ) bark extracts: polyphenol contents analysis by LC-MS/MS

Gülçın

Kaya

Gören

et al. 2019

International Journal of Food Properties

121

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Ethanolic (EEC) and aqueous (WEC) extracts of cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum)were evaluated for their antioxidant profiles by eight distinguished bioanalytical antioxidant methods. Their inhibitory effects were tested against some enzymes including acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, α-glycosidase and αamylase, which linked to different diseases. Additionally, the antioxidant properties were determined and polyphenolic compositions of the both extracts were evaluated by LC-MS/MS analysis. According to the LC-MS/MS experiments, thirteen compounds were found in WEC and EEC. Also, p-hydroxybenzoic acid (321.1 mg/kg extract), p-coumaric acid (291.4 mg/kg extract), and pyrogallol (142.4 mg/kg extract) were found to be the most abundant ingredients in the WEC. On the other hand, pyrogallol (264.3 mg/kg extract), ferulic acid (224.7 mg/ kg extract) and p-coumaric acid (170.2 mg/kg extract) were found as the most plentiful chemicals in the EEC. For the estimation of the antioxidant capacities of the both extracts (WEC and EEC), DPPH· and ABTS •+ scavenging activities, as well as Fe 3+ -Fe 2+ , and Cu 2+ -Cu + reducing assays were studied. The IC 50 values of the WEC and EEC indicated that they were potent effective DPPH· (21. 25 and 15.71 μg/mL) and ABTS •+ (6.52 and 5.79 μg/mL) scavengers, as well as AChE (221.33 and 110.26 μg/mL), BChE (461.69 and 94.93 μg/mL), α-glycosidase (206.86 and 220.00 μg/mL) and α-amylase (189.86 and 200.86 μg/mL) inhibitors. As a conclusion, both EEC and WEC had rich phenolic contents and demonstrated effective anticholinergic, antidiabetic and antioxidant effects. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…The side effect of cinnamon reported in this study is expected since self-limiting gastrointestinal adverse events are the most commonly reported side effect of cinnamon [41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

The use of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum Bark) for Patients with Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Kamber¹,

Al-Marzooq²,

Hussein³

et al. 2020

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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BACKGROUND: Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is common, yet no curative treatment identified. Cinnamon is a herbal substance, which has many applications in medicine. AIM: The aim of the study was to study the effect of cinnamon on patients with chronic pelvic pain syndrome. METHODS: Sixty patients with documented CP/CPPS randomized into two groups during 2018 and 2019 in Baghdad. The first group received 60 capsules each contained 1 g of cinnamon. The other group received 60 capsules each contained 1 g of sugar powder (placebo). All the patients instructed to take one capsule twice daily for 1 month. National Institutes of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) was reported for both groups at baseline and after 1 month of treatment. The primary outcome was a patient perceivable improvement defined as a reduction of the NIH-CPSI by 6 or more points after 1 month, whereas improvement of sub-scores of NIH-CPSI (pain, urinary symptoms, and quality of life) considered as a secondary outcome, and adverse reactions reported. RESULTS: Thirteen patients (43.3%) of the cinnamon group have 6 or more points of reduction in the total NIH-CPSI compared to four patients (13.3%) of the control groups (p = 0.01). The improvement in total NIH-CPSI score was mainly due to improvement in pain sub-score, whereas in urinary symptoms, there was marginal change with no significant change in the quality of life score. The only reported side effect was gastric upset in one patient. CONCLUSION: The study concluded that cinnamon improves NIH-CPSI in patients with CP/CPPS. REGISTRATION: The study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov with the ID: NCT03946163.

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Cinnamon: A systematic review of adverse events

Cited by 89 publications

References 64 publications

Biochemistry, Safety, Pharmacological Activities, and Clinical Applications of Turmeric: A Mechanistic Review

Biochemistry, Safety, Pharmacological Activities, and Clinical Applications of Turmeric: A Mechanistic Review

Anticholinergic, antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of cinnamon ( cinnamomum verum ) bark extracts: polyphenol contents analysis by LC-MS/MS

The use of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum Bark) for Patients with Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial

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