Cinnamomum camphora: a long history for epidemics control

Mishra, Rakhi; Dwivedi, Binit

doi:10.53388/tmrim202105031

Cited by 2 publications

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“…It is commonly used in the forms of creams, vapour rubs, gels, and balms. Due to its insect-repellent properties against mosquitos, it is suggested as an alternative green insect repellent to synthetic agents that are currently in use [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Validation of an HPLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Capsaicinoids and Camphor in Over-the-Counter Medication for Topical Use

Lalić¹,

Soldić²,

Lalić³

et al. 2022

Molecules

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A reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed to determine and quantify capsaicin (trans-8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6- nonenamid), dihydrocapsaicin (8-methyl-N-vanillylnonanamide), and camphor (trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one). It is applicable in analyses of over-the-counter (OTC) medications for topical use and raw materials such as chili pepper oleoresin. Chromatographic separation was carried out on a C18 column using an isocratic flow of the mobile phase containing acetonitrile and ultrapure water in a ratio of 2:3, with pH adjusted to 3.2 using glacial acetic acid, and a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min. The concentration of the eluting compounds was monitored by a diode-array detector at a wavelength of 281 nm. The method was evaluated for several validation parameters, including selectivity, accuracy (confidence intervals < 0.05%), repeatability, and intermediate precision. The limit of detection (LOD) was determined to be 0.070 µg/mL for capsaicin, 0.211 µg/mL for dihydrocapsaicin, and 0.060 µg/mL for camphor. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was determined to be 0.212 µg/mL for capsaicin, 0.640 µg/mL for dihydrocapsaicin, and 0.320 µg/mL for camphor. Linearity was set in the range of 2.5–200 µg/mL for capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin and 25–2000 µg/mL for camphor. The suggested analytical method can be used for quality control of formulated pharmaceutical products containing capsaicinoids, camphor, and propolis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Validation of an HPLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Capsaicinoids and Camphor in Over-the-Counter Medication for Topical Use

Lalić¹,

Soldić²,

Lalić³

et al. 2022

Molecules

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Counterirritation: yesterday, today, tomorrow

Berezutskyi

2024

The Journal of v. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Series "Medicine"

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Background. Counterirritation is a physical therapy technique that has been used for centuries to relieve pain and inflammation. It involves creating an artificial irritation on the skin to alleviate the irritation or inflammation of deeper structures. The purpose – of this study is to analyze the use of counterirritants in medical practice during the XIX and XXI centuries. The study utilized XIX century physical therapy treatises and XX–XXI century counterirritants research. Materials and Methods. The search for sources was carried out in the databases Scopus Web of Science, PubMed, MEDlars onLINE, Crossref, and Google Scholar, as well as in the libraries and repositories of medical universities. The study used the following methodology: analysis and synthesis methods, historical, source, comparative, and generalizing, ways of studying physical therapy techniques based on the counterirritation principle. Results. In ancient times until the mid-XIX century, medical practitioners did not fully understand the mechanisms of action of counterirritants. Therefore, therapy with counterirritants was based solely on empirical observations. Despite being painful, such physical therapy was widespread in Europe because there were no better alternatives. In the second half of the XIX century, the study of counterirritation mechanisms received a scientific basis, and the important role of reflex influence mediated through the corresponding segments of the spinal cord was established. In the XX century, counterirritation methods improved with increased requirements for the safety and effectiveness of treatment. In the XXI century, the application of counterirritation in healthcare expanded beyond the scope of analgesic and antiinflammatory effects. The emergence of new technical means using sound and light stimuli illuminates novel ways for the development of the counter-irritation method over time. Various traditional practices like massage, cupping, patches, heating, and cauterization, which have been reliable since the XIX century, have now largely been replaced by kinesiotherapy and neurostimulation. Recent research has uncovered unknown effects of peripheral neurostimulation that require further investigation. Conclusions. Despite numerous studies, the mechanisms of the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of counterirritants are still not fully understood. This means that their therapeutic possibilities are far from exhausted.

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Cinnamomum camphora: a long history for epidemics control

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Development and Validation of an HPLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Capsaicinoids and Camphor in Over-the-Counter Medication for Topical Use

Development and Validation of an HPLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Capsaicinoids and Camphor in Over-the-Counter Medication for Topical Use

Counterirritation: yesterday, today, tomorrow

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