Cinnamic Aldehyde, the main monomer component of Cinnamon, exhibits anti‐inflammatory property in OA synovial fibroblasts via TLR4/MyD88 pathway

Abstract

Cinnamon is a wildly used traditional Chinese herbal medicine for osteoarthritis (OA) treatment, but the underlying mechanism remains ambiguous. The purpose of this study is to explore the mechanism of cinnamic aldehyde (CA), a bioactive substance extracted from Cinnamon, on synovial inflammation in OA. A total of 144 CA‐OA co‐targeted genes were identified by detect databases (PubChem, HIT, TCMSP, TTD, DrugBank and GeneCards). The results of GO enrichment analysis indicated that these co‐targeted genes have participated in many biological processes including ‘inflammatory response’, ‘cellular response to lipopolysaccharide’, ‘response to drug’, ‘immune response’, ‘lipopolysaccharide‐mediated signalling pathway’, etc. KEGG pathway analysis showed these co‐targeted genes were mainly enriched in ‘Toll‐like receptor signalling pathway’, ‘TNF signalling pathway’, ‘NF‐kappa B signalling pathway’, etc. Molecular docking demonstrated that CA could successfully bind to TLR2 and TLR4. The results of in vitro experiments showed no potential toxicity of 10, 20 and 50 μM/L CA on human OA FLS, and CA can significantly inhibit the inflammation in LPS‐induced human FLS. Further experimental mechanism evidence confirmed CA can inhibited the inflammation in LPS‐induced human OA FLS via blocking the TLR4/MyD88 signalling pathway. Our results demonstrated that CA exhibited strong anti‐inflammation effect in OA FLS through blocking the activation of TLR4/MyD88 signalling pathway, suggesting its potential as a hopeful candidate for the development of novel agents for the treatment of OA.

Integrating network pharmacology and experimental verification to decipher the multitarget pharmacological mechanism of Cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oil in treating inflammation

“…In this study, a total of 57 constituents were identified by GC-MS analysis, including phenylpropanoids, oxygenated monoterpenes, monoterpene hydrocarbons, benzenoids, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated sesquiterpenes, and diterpenoids. Numerous studies have revealed that phenylpropanoids, including cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid, and methyl eugenol, inhibit tissue inflammation and modulate signalling pathways involved in the inflammatory response [ [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] ]. Cinnamaldehyde has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-diabetic properties [ 18 ].…”

Prediction and analysis of quality markers for Chuantieling gel patches based on HPLC fingerprinting and network pharmacology

“…Furthermore, cinnamaldehyde exhibits anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, anticancer, and blood circulation-enhancing pharmacological effects. It achieves its antiasthmatic effect by relieving bronchial smooth muscle spasms (Chen et al, 2022). Tetrahydropalmatine has analgesic, hypnotic, antiasthmatic, sedative, and calming effects (Zhang et al, 2020).…”

Cinnamon: an aromatic condiment applicable to chronic kidney disease

“…Various cinnamon extracts, such as Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume essential oil, ethanol extracts of cinnamon bark, cinnamon bark aqueous extract, and methanolic crude extract of Cinnamomum verum, display antioxidant activity, which indicates the potential for cinnamon to manage oxidative stress-related disorders [32]. Most cinnamon studies in vitro and in vivo (Table 2) [9,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] demonstrate significant antioxidant activity through multiple mechanisms, including reduction of malondialdehyde level (lipid peroxidation marker), activation of transcription factor Nrf2, and synthesis of antioxidant enzymes such as HO-1, superoxide dismutase, CAT, and GPx [48,49]. Twenty-two chemical ingredients have been isolated from cinnamon in addition to cinnamaldehyde analogues; of these, lignan pinoresinol (PRO) and the flavonol (-)-(2R,3R)-5,7-dimethoxy-3', 4'-methylenedioxy-flavan-3-ol (MFO) display antioxidant capacity [50].…”