Cinnamic Acid and Cinnamaldehyde Ameliorate Cisplatin-Induced Splenotoxicity in Rats

Abstract

Cinnamic acid (CA) and cinnamaldehyde (CD) are major constituents of cinnamon species. They possess various pharmacological properties of which their antioxidant activity is a prime one. This study aims to investigate potential protective effects against cisplatin (CP)-induced splenotoxicity in rats. A single dose of CP (5 mg/kg) injected i.p. caused a significant decrease in hemoglobin content (18%), total leucocytic count (46%), neutrophils (78%), and catalase (CAT) splenic activity (64%) with a marked increase in lymphocytes (26%) and splenic content of malondialdehyde (68%) and TNF-α (69%) as compared with the control group. Contrarily, CA (50 mg/kg, p.o.) or CD (40 mg/kg, p.o.) administration for 7 days before CP ameliorated CP-induced splenotoxicity as indicated by mitigation of the biochemical parameters and histopathological changes. These results revealed the promising protective effects of CA and CD on CP-induced splenotoxicity in rats; an effect that might be attributed to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

Aliskiren, tadalafil, and cinnamaldehyde alleviate joint destruction biomarkers; MMP-3 and RANKL; in complete Freund's adjuvant arthritis model: Downregulation of IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway

“…Groups 5, 6, and 7 received the test agents; cinnamaldehyde (40 mg/kg/day; p.o.) ( Abd El-Raouf et al, 2015 ), tadalafil (10 mg/kg/day; p.o.) ( Bahadir et al, 2018 ), and aliskiren (20 mg/kg/day; p.o.)…”

Cinnamic Acid Derivatives and Their Biological Efficacy

“…The antifungal activity was based on targeting CYP53A15, a unique fungal enzyme known to play a role in demethyling lanosterol, subsequently promoting fungal growth [23]. Derivatives (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9) (Figure 3) inhibited CYP53A15 enzymatic activity against the three fungi (Cochliobolus lunatus, Aspergillus niger and Pleurotus ostreatus) thereby revealing the potential antifungal activity of cinnamic acid derivatives [22]. Korosec et al tested antifungal activity of cinnamic acid derivatives, most of them were synthesized [22].…”

“…Table 1. Comparing percentage fungal growth of the three fungi when treated with 0.5 mmol/L of cinnamic acid derivatives (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9) [22].…”

“…There is a need to scavenge free radicals in the body to minimize the damage inflicted by free radicals. Cinnamic acid derivatives are known to have antioxidant properties [4]. Three mechanisms are reported in phenolic compounds during free radical scavenging.…”

“…The presence of an acrylic acid group substituted on the phenyl ring gives cinnamic either a cis or a trans configuration with the latter being the most common of the two [2,3]. Studies have reported that cinnamic acid exhibit antioxidant, antimicrobial [4], anticancer [5], neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic properties. [6].…”