Cinematographic Investigation of Bubblons in Superfluid Helium

Khaikin, M. S.

doi:10.1051/jphyscol:19786561

Cited by 10 publications

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“…The reason for this is unknown. In the experiments of Volodin et al 1 and Khaikin,5 which were performed at 1.3 K, velocities of the order of 10 4 cm s −1 were reported. At these velocities the normal fluid component would be in the turbulent regime and the bubble is moving so fast that it should lose energy through the production of quantized vortex rings.…”

Section: ͑21͒mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Thus, for example, for Z =10 7 the radius is 106 m. So far, there have been a very limited number of experimental studies of these bubbles. 1,[5][6][7] In this paper we first consider the stability of an MEB that is at rest in liquid ͑Sec. II͒.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far, there have been a very limited number of experimental studies of these bubbles. 1,5,6,7 In this paper we first consider the stability of an MEB that is at rest in the liquid (section II). We find that, at least when the simplest model of the energy of the electron system is used, the bubble is unstable against fission whenever the applied pressure is positive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stability of multielectron bubbles in liquid helium

2008

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Section: ͑21͒mentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stability of multielectron bubbles in liquid helium

2008

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“…It is also possible to produce bubbles that contain a large number Z of electrons, e.g., 10 5 -10 7 ; these are referred to as multi-electron bubbles or MEB [2][3][4][5]. These bubbles are formed when a high density of electrons is produced just above the…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of Few-Electron Bubbles in Superfluid Helium-4

Xing

Maris

2020

J Low Temp Phys

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We present calculations of the properties of bubbles in liquid helium-4 containing 3 or 8 electrons. The pressure range in which these bubbles are stable is determined. For Z =3, we find that the bubbles are unstable except in a pressure range between − 0.78 and − 0.90 bars. For Z = 8, the bubbles are stable provided the pressure is in the range from zero to -0.42 bars. At the upper end of the pressure range, the bubbles break into smaller bubbles each containing a fraction of the electrons; at the lower end the bubbles become unstable against unlimited expansion.

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Nonlinear Effects — The Multielectron Dimple

Leiderer

1997

Physics and Chemistry of Materials With Low-Dimensional Structures

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In the field of 24limensional electton systems the surface of liquid helium has proven as a nearly ideal substrate for surface state electrons (ssE)'. In the previous chapters this surface could be mnsidesed to a g a d approximation as being completely inert and smooth, except for d w ; excitations (ripplons), whch act as the dominating source for SSE scattering at low temperature, where scattering of the elemom by gas atom diminishes. An influence of the e f m n s on the heIiurn substrate, howwer, could so far very well ' be neglected. By contrast, we discuss in this chapter phenomena at high charge densiti~ and high electric holding fields, w h e~ the electrons, due t6 the coupling of the SSE system to (long wavelength) surface excitations, have a sigdicmt in£hence on the subsbate. This gives rise to an interesting variety of pllenomena at the helium surface, which then i n him also affect the electron system itself.Already in the very d y in&gations of SSE on I~eIium by WilIiams and ~mdall~ it was observed that the liquid surface is slightly d e p d in the region under the dectron sheet due to the electrostatic presfllre of the surface charges. As will k shown below, charging the surface does not only lead to this static effect, but also causes changes in the dynamics of the system. Since the electric forces counteract the restoring form for a flat surface -surface tension md gravity -the frequency of surface waves will be reduced, an effect which is most pronounced at a particular wave vector q-given by the inverse capillary length. As the charge density grows, this "ripplon softening" is e n h a n d , until eventually the surface bommes unstable above a maximum supportable electron densiw n, of about 2 x 10' mm2. Deep troughs then form in the surface, whence the eIectrons punch through in the fom of multieleaon bubbles and move towards the positively charged electrode immersed in the helium.A mrnpletely different scenario is observed when the surface is not charged to the maximum density, but to only ten percent of n, or Iess. In this case the instability. which then mars at a somewhat higher external e l b c field, d m not yield chargeinduced deformations of the surface which grow continuously, but rather these deformations become stabilized at a certain amplitude as a result of nonlinear effects. The surface then displays a priodic pattern, where the electTom ate lmlized in a regular array of wkets, or "dimples", which constitute a macroscopic analogue of the

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Cinematographic Investigation of Bubblons in Superfluid Helium

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Stability of multielectron bubbles in liquid helium

Stability of multielectron bubbles in liquid helium

Properties of Few-Electron Bubbles in Superfluid Helium-4

Nonlinear Effects — The Multielectron Dimple

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