Ciliates from the intestine of zoo-kept black rhinoceros, with immunofluorescence microscopic and molecular phylogenetic investigation of Rhinozeta rhinozeta (Litostomatea)

Kornilova, Olga A.; Belokon, Maria E.; Skazina, Maria A.; Alekseeva, Olga S.; Chistyakova, Ludmila V.

doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2023.126006

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Ciliates are the second most commonly encountered group of protists in our study in terms of findings and infected hosts; however, they are usually not reported except in specific studies. There is a great diversity of ciliates described in Artiodactyla, Perissodactyla, and Proboscidea, mostly corresponding to species of the orders Entodiniomorphida and Vestibuliferida [ 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 ]. Since the identification of different genera and species requires specific staining methods, and most of these species are considered commensal/endosymbionts, we made a generic identification of the findings in the hippopotamus, equids, rhinoceroses, and elephants as “endosymbiotic ciliates”.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wild Animals in Captivity: An Analysis of Parasite Biodiversity and Transmission among Animals at Two Zoological Institutions with Different Typologies

Esteban-Sánchez,

García-Rodríguez,

García-García

et al. 2024

Animals

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We have conducted a 10-year-long coprological study of the animals housed in two zoological institutions (ZooAquarium and Faunia, Madrid, Spain) to assess the parasite biodiversity, prevalence, and their relation with host class, diet, and enclosure type (soil type and level of isolation from wild fauna). A total of 4476 faecal samples from 132 mammal species and 951 samples from 86 avian species were examined. The results indicated that only 12.8% of avian species had parasites at least once during the study period, whereas 62.1% of mammal species tested positive. Predominantly, protists (Entamoeba, flagellates, and ciliates) and nematodes (mainly Trichuris) were identified in the findings. Carnivorous species were primarily infected by nematodes, while herbivorous and omnivorous species were mainly infected by protists. The number of infected herbivorous and omnivorous species was significantly greater than carnivorous species. Differences were observed based on soil type (artificial, natural, mixed) and isolation level (isolated/accessible), but these differences were not statistically significant. Several parasites (Entamoeba spp., Giardia spp., Balantidoides coli, Trichuris spp.) could potentially be transmitted between humans and some mammals and birds. Regular animal analyses and a personnel health program in the institutions would minimise transmission risks between zoo animals, wildlife, and humans.

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