Ciliate Protozoa in the Rumen of Sassaby Antelope, <i>Damaliscus lunatus lunatus</i>, Including the Description of a New Species and Form

Itō, Akira; Arai, Natsuko; Tsutsumi, Yoshiatsu; Imai, Soichi

doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1997.tb05964.x

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Previously, between 16 and 24 rumen ciliate species, represented by 1 to 9 genera, were found in in studies of wild reindeer (9,(35)(36)(37)(38)(39), wild musk ox (Ovibos moschatus) (6), wildebeest (Connochaetes spp.) (40), Kafue lechwe antelope (Kobus leche kafuensis) (41), Sassaby antelope (Damaliscus lunatus) (10), and tsessebe antelope (Damaliscus lunatus lunatus) (42).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most studies of rumen ciliate protozoa are performed using microscopy and traditional culturing techniques (2,(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10), quantitative PCR (11,12), denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (13), and full-length 18S rRNA clone libraries (13,14). A few studies of rumen ciliate protozoa use highthroughput sequencing, although primer selection remains a problem, as some studies use universal eukaryotic primers, primers which target only one ciliate protozoon signature region, or primers which produce long amplicons that are unsuitable for current high-throughput technology (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Design and Validation of Four New Primers for Next-Generation Sequencing To Target the 18S rRNA Genes of Gastrointestinal Ciliate Protozoa

Ishaq

Wright

2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Four new primers and one published primer were used to PCR amplify hypervariable regions within the protozoal 18S rRNA gene to determine which primer pair provided the best identification and statistical analysis. PCR amplicons of 394 to 498 bases were generated from three primer sets, sequenced using Roche 454 pyrosequencing with Titanium, and analyzed using the BLAST database (NCBI) and MOTHUR version 1.29. The protozoal diversity of rumen contents from moose in Alaska was assessed. In the present study, primer set 1, P-SSU-316F and GIC758R (amplicon of 482 bases), gave the best representation of diversity using BLAST classification, and the set amplified Entodinium simplex and Ostracodinium spp., which were not amplified by the other two primer sets. Primer set 2, GIC1080F and GIC1578R (amplicon of 498 bases), had similar BLAST results and a slightly higher percentage of sequences that were identified with a higher sequence identity. Primer sets 1 and 2 are recommended for use in ruminants. However, primer set 1 may be inadequate to determine protozoal diversity in nonruminants. The amplicons created by primer set 1 were indistinguishable for certain species within the genera Bandia, Blepharocorys, Polycosta, and Tetratoxum and between Hemiprorodon gymnoprosthium and Prorodonopsis coli, none of which are normally found in the rumen. Rumen ciliate protozoa represent important functional members of the rumen environment, as most have some cellulolytic or amylolytic abilities (1-3). Most studies of rumen ciliate protozoa are performed using microscopy and traditional culturing techniques (2, 4-10), quantitative PCR (11, 12), denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (13), and full-length 18S rRNA clone libraries (13,14). A few studies of rumen ciliate protozoa use highthroughput sequencing, although primer selection remains a problem, as some studies use universal eukaryotic primers, primers which target only one ciliate protozoon signature region, or primers which produce long amplicons that are unsuitable for current high-throughput technology (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20).18S rRNA genes range from 1.5 kb to more than 4.5 kb (21), and in rumen ciliate protozoa, they are generally 1.5 kb to 1.8 kb in length. Like the 16S rRNA genes of prokaryotes, the 18S rRNA genes of eukaryotes have nine hypervariable regions (V1 to V9) which can be used for genus/species identification. Four gut ciliate signature regions exist within rumen protozoal 18S rRNA genes which represent areas of high variability that can improve identification down to the species level (22, 23). Signature region 1 occurs between bp 440 and 460 (within V3), signature region 2 occurs between bp 590 and 620 (between V3 and V4), signature region 3 occurs between bp 1220 and 1260 (within V6), and signature region 4 occurs between bp 1560 and 1580 (after V8) (Fig. 1). Additionally, rumen ciliate protozoa have a slightly different 18S rRNA secondary structure from nonrumen ciliates, in that rumen protozoa are missing helix E23-5 from the V4 region and other hel...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Validation of Four New Primers for Next-Generation Sequencing To Target the 18S rRNA Genes of Gastrointestinal Ciliate Protozoa

Ishaq

Wright

2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…The shape and position of the dorsal poly brachykinety are the same in the three buccal infraciliature patterns. The dorso-adoral and vestibular polybrachykineties are slender in the O. damaliscustype buccal infraciliature, and the kinety loop is well developed between the adoral and dorso-adoral polybrachykineties (Ito et al 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The buccal infraciliature patterns reveal the evolutionary relationship in the family Ophryoscolecidae. Until now, there were 12 buccal infraciliature patterns described for representatives of the family Ophryoscolecidae, including (Ito and Imai 2003, 2006, 2005Ito et al 1997Ito et al , 1998Ito et al , 2001Mishima et al 2009;Noirot-Timothée 1960). The Entodinium-type buccal infraciliature has only adoral and vestibular polybrachykineties with the same width (Ito and Imai 2006;Mishima et al 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the M. medium-type buccal infraciliature pattern looks like that of the Ostra codinium gracile-type and O. mammosum-type buccal infraciliature patterns. Ito et al (1997), Imai (1998), andIto et al (2001) studied buccal infraciliature of Ostracodinium spp. and three buccal infraciliature patterns, such as the O. gracile-type, O. mammo sum-type, and O. damaliscus-type were detected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rumen Ciliate Biota of Domestic Cattle (Bos taurus taurus) in İstanbul, Turkey and Infraciliature of Metadinium medium (Entodiniomorphida, Ophryoscolecidae)

Gürellı

Akman

2017

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Abstract:The species composition and distribution of ciliates were investigated in the rumen contents of 15 domestic cattle (Bos taurus taurus L.) living in the European part of İstanbul, Turkey. Thirty-five species and 13 morphotypes belonging to 13 genera were identified. The density of rumen ciliates in cattle was 31.8 (± 21.3) × 10 4 cells ml, and the mean number of ciliate species per host was 12.9 ± 4.4. Of the ciliate species, Dasytricha ruminantium, Entodinium simulans, and Isotricha prostoma were the most abundant, each with a prevalence of 93.3%, whereas Diplodinium anisacanthum, D. dogieli, D. rangiferi, Enoploplastron triloricatum, Metadinium medium, and Ostraco dinium munham were detected only in one animal (6.7% prevalence). Eodinium posterovesiculatum m. bilobosum and D. dogieli are new host records for cattle in Turkey. The infraciliature of M. medium (Entodiniomorphida, Ophryoscolecidae) was examined and detected for the first time. The buccal infraciliature of M. medium was composed of three polybrachykineties, a kinety loop, and paralabial kineties. A large dorso-adoral polybrachykinety, a gentle S-shaped curved vestibular polybrachykinety, and a kinety loop between the dorso-adoral polybrachykinety and adoral polybrachykinety were characteristics. Because of these features, M. medium-type buccal infraciliature was between the Ostracodinium gracile-type buccal infraciliature and the Ostracodinium mammosum-type buccal infraciliature.

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