Ciliary beat pattern is associated with specific ultrastructural defects in primary ciliary dyskinesia

Abstract

Different ultrastructural defects responsible for PCD result in predictable beat patterns. Recognition of these might help in the diagnostic evaluation of patients suspected of having PCD.

Clinical features of primary ciliary dyskinesia in Cyprus with emphasis on lobectomized patients

“…Ciliated respiratory epithelium samples for HSVM and TEM were obtained with nasal brush biopsies as previously described [14]. Ciliated edges greater than 50 mm in length were observed at 37 C using the 40 x and 100 x objective lenses.…”

Ciliary dysfunction and ultrastructural abnormalities are features of severe asthma

“…Ciliary beat frequency was measured and beat pattern assessed on strips of bronchial epithelium by using a digital high-speed video microscopy system as described previously with nasal epithelial brushings, within 2 hours of sample collection. 21,22 The high-speed video images were analyzed in a blind fashion. The images were re-analyzed by a second observer (A.R.)…”

“…21,22 The path taken by a cilium during the beat cycle was analyzed frame by frame. This was characterized and compared with the normal beat pattern 21 seen on digital highspeed video analysis.…”

Genetic Causes of Bronchiectasis: Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia

“…3), but the most common defects are absence of the outer dynein arms (ODA) and/or inner dynein arms (IDA). The frequency of isolated ODA defects range between 29 and 43%, isolated IDA defects range between 10 and 29%, and ODA plus IDA defects range between 7 and 57% [5,16,17,18]. Other reported defects include absence of the radial spokes, transposition (a peripheral microtubule pair migrates to the center of the cilia because the central pair is missing), and loss of central microtubules [5, 19].…”