Ciguatoxin and Ciguatera

Lewis, Richard J.; Vetter, Irina

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6419-4_13

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 120 publications

(110 reference statements)

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“…Ciguatera fish poisoning can cause a variety of gastrointestinal (vomiting/diarrhea), cardiovascular (bradycardia and hypotension) or neurological (asthenia/myalgia, paresthesias/dysesthesias/cold allodynia) disorders, as well as non‐specific symptoms like burning/tingling sensation of the mouth and throat (Lewis , Gatti et al. , Lewis and Vetter , Darius et al. , Friedman et al.…”

Section: Average Toxicity Estimates For Gambierdiscus Excentricus Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consumption of invertebrates or more commonly fish that have accumulated sufficient CTXs can result in ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP; Litaker et al 2010, Darius et al 2017, Friedman et al 2017. Ciguatera fish poisoning can cause a variety of gastrointestinal (vomiting/diarrhea), cardiovascular (bradycardia and hypotension) or neurological (asthenia/myalgia, paresthesias/dysesthesias/cold allodynia) disorders, as well as non-specific symptoms like burning/tingling sensation of the mouth and throat (Lewis 2001, Gatti et al 2015, Lewis and Vetter 2016, Darius et al 2017, Friedman et al 2017). On rare occasions, the intoxication is fatal.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Species‐specific PCR assays for Gambierdiscus excentricus and Gambierdiscus silvae (Gonyaulacales, Dinophyceae)

Litaker

Tester

Vandersea

2019

Journal of Phycology

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The two most toxic Gambierdiscus species identified from the Caribbean are G. excentricus and G. silvae. These species are the primary causes of ciguatera fish poisoning and likely contribute disproportionately to the toxicity of marine food webs. While Gambierdiscus species are difficult to distinguish using light or scanning electron microscopy, reliable species‐specific molecular identification methods have been developed and used successfully to identify a number of other Gambierdiscus species. Corresponding species‐specific assays are not yet available for G. excentricus and G. silvae, which imposes limitations on species identification and related ecological studies. The following note describes species‐specific polymerase chain reaction assays for G. excentricus and G. silvae that can be used for these purposes.

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Section: Average Toxicity Estimates For Gambierdiscus Excentricus Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Species‐specific PCR assays for Gambierdiscus excentricus and Gambierdiscus silvae (Gonyaulacales, Dinophyceae)

Litaker

Tester

Vandersea

2019

Journal of Phycology

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“…Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP), currently the most common marine biotoxin food poisoning worldwide, is a non-bacterial foodborne disease associated with consumption of circumtropical fish and marine invertebrates that are contaminated with polyether sodium channel activator neurotoxins (ciguatoxins, CTXs) [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. CTXs are a family of heat-stable and lipid-soluble compounds that cannot be degraded by normal cooking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CTXs are colorless and odorless, therefore cannot be detected by smell or visual inspection of fish flesh. Ciguatoxins are produced by certain benthic dinoflagellate species from the Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa genera and enter the marine food chain via herbivorous fish and invertebrates [ 2 , 5 , 9 , 13 ]. These toxins are subsequently biotransformed in herbivorous, omnivorous, and carnivorous fishes to more oxidized and more potent forms of CTXs and accumulate to toxic levels in edible fish.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CFP is known in tropical regions for centuries, and it is an increasing risk of food poisoning worldwide; it occurs now in non-endemic areas due to international trade of fish and fish products and the expansion of the geographic ranges of dinoflagellates as a likely result of global warming [ 12 , 16 , 17 ]. Intoxication by CTXs may cause neurological, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular symptoms depending on the amount and type of the toxin ingested [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 18 ], and occasionally in severe cases, CFP can be fatal [ 19 , 20 ]. P-CTX-1 possesses risk to human health at concentrations higher than 0.022–0.1 ng g −1 in fish flesh [ 8 , 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances in Detecting Ciguatoxins in Fish

Pasinszki

Lako

Dennis

2020

Toxins

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Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) is currently the most common marine biotoxin food poisoning worldwide, associated with human consumption of circumtropical fish and marine invertebrates that are contaminated with ciguatoxins. Ciguatoxins are very potent sodium-channel activator neurotoxins, that pose risks to human health at very low concentrations (>0.01 ng per g of fish flesh in the case of the most potent Pacific ciguatoxin). Symptoms of CFP are nonspecific and intoxication in humans is often misdiagnosed. Presently, there is no medically approved treatment of ciguatera. Therefore, to mitigate the risks of CFP, reliable detection of ciguatoxins prior to consumption of fish tissue is acutely needed, which requires application of highly sensitive and quantitative analytical tests. During the last century a number of methods have been developed to identify and quantify the concentration of ciguatoxins, including in vivo animal assays, cell-based assays, receptor binding assays, antibody-based immunoassays, electrochemical methods, and analytical techniques based on coupling of liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. Development of these methods, their various advantages and limitations, as well as future challenges are discussed in this review.

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