“…These findings have implications for disease prediction, surveillance, and public health preparedness with warming ocean temperatures. The situation could be aggravated by other natural (hurricanes, coral bleaching episodes, or Acanthaster plancii outbreaks) and anthropogenic (dredging, construction, or sewage discharge in touristic coastal areas) disturbances (Figure 1) that foster the increase of CFP outbreaks in endemic areas (Chinain et al, 2010b;Rongo and van Woesik, 2012). The Ostreopsis genus is present in tropical and temperate coastal waters of Australia, the Indian Ocean, eastern Asia, the Caribbean Sea, and Brazil, and, in the last decade, in colder waters of the North Pacific coasts of Japan and Russia, New Zealand, and Portugal, and the Atlantic coasts of France and Spain (e.g., GEOHAB, 2012;Accoroni and Totti, 2016).…”