Cigarrinhas potenciais vetoras (Hemiptera: Cercopidae e Cicadellidae) e plantas infestantes associadas à epidemiologia da escaldadura das folhas da ameixeira

Abstract

Potential hopper vectors (Hemiptera: Cercopidae and Cicadellidae) and weeds associated with the epidemiology of Plum Leaf ScaldPlum Leaf Scald (PLS) is one of the major diseases that impair the production of plums in Brazil, caused by the xylem-limited bacterium Xylella fastidiosa (Wells), whose potential vectors in plums are sharpshooter leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae, Cicadellinae) and spittlebugs (Hemiptera: Cercopidae). A number of leafhoppers and and spittlebugs have been reported in Brazilian plum orchards, but their host plants and role in PLS epidemiology are largely unknown. The goal of this research was to investigate the association of potential hopper vectors with plum trees and weedy plants in the ground vegetation of orchards, in order to determine key vector species and weeds involved in PLS epidemiology. Therefore, a hopper survey was carried out in three plum orchards in the municipality of Paranapanema, SP, from September/2012 to April/2013, using three sampling methods: a) sweep net on weed species of the ground vegetation; b) yellow sticky cards placed on the plum canopy at 0.5 and 2 m above ground; and c) visual inspections of plum trees and some weeds. The collected hoppers were sorted and identified in the laboratory, and the data were submitted to faunistic analysis. To check if the weeds were hosts of plum strains of X. fastidiosa, bacterial suspensions were mechanically inoculated in Bidens pilosaL., Parthenium hysterophorus L., Raphanus sativus L., Euphorbia heterophylla L., Sida rhombifolia L., Solanum americanum Mill. Lantana camara L. The plants were assayed for infection of X. fastidiosa by PCR and culture at 2 months after inoculation. Transmission assays of X. fastidiosa from plum to weeds were carried out using two sharpshooter vectors, Sibovia sagata (Signoret) e Macugonalia cavifrons (Stål). The sweep net samplings revealed 72 species of seven hopper families (Achilidae, Cercopidae, Cicadellidae, Delphacidae, Derbidae, Dictyopharidae, Flatidae and Membracidae) associated with eight dicotyledoneous and seven monocotyledoneous weeds in the ground vegetation, with prevalence of Cicadellidae and Cercopidae. Among the potential hopper vectors, the spittlebug Deois schach (Fabricius) and the sharpshooter Plesiommata corniculata Young were predomimant species on the weed species, suggesting that they may play a key role in a possible primary spread of X. fastidiosa from weeds to plum. Paspalum notatum Flügge, Parthenium hysterophorus L. and Raphanus sativus L. were the weed species with the largest hopper populations. The sharpshooters Acrogonia citrina Marucci & Cavichioli e Oncometopia facialis (Signoret) were prevalent species trapped by the yellow sticky cards on the plum canopy, indicating that they may be involved in secondary spread of X. fastidiosa between plum trees in that region. O. facialis was visually detected on branches of plum trees and on the weed Lantana camara L. The weeds Solanum americanum Mill e L. camara allow colonization by X. fastidiosa after...

New records of sharpshooters (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Cicadellinae) in citrus orchards in the Amazonas State, Brazil

“…Figures 1, 2C (Froza 2017); Paraná (Molina et al 2006;Nunes et al 2007;Molina et al 2016); Pernambuco (Ringenberg et al 2014); Rio de Janeiro (Mejdalani et al 2009); Rio Grande do Sul (Ott et al 2006;Müller 2008;Ringenberg et al 2010;Paris et al 2013;Faprin et al 2014;Peruzo et al 2014;Schneider et al 2017); Roraima (Cavichioli and Zanol 1991); Santa Catarina (Hickel et al 2001;Giacomelli et al 2022); São Paulo (Yamamoto and Gravena 2000;Marucci et al 2002;Yamamoto et al 2002;Coelho et al 2008;Giustolin et al 2009;Graner 2014;Froza 2017); Sergipe (Santos-Filho et al 2017).…”

“…Young, 1977 Figures Previous records in Brazil. Amazonas (Manacapuru and Rio Preto da Eva) (Feitosa 2017); Bahia (Miranda et al 2000); Paraná (Molina et al 2016); Rio de Janeiro (Mejdalani et al 2009); Rio Grande do Sul (Ott et al 2006); Roraima (Cavichioli and Zanol 1991); Santa Catarina (Hickel et al 2001); São Paulo (Yamamoto and Gravena 2000;Marucci et al 2002;Yamamoto et al 2002;Coelho et al 2008;Giustolin et al 2009;Graner 2014).…”

Seleção de plantas hospedeiras experimentais para ensaios de transmissão da estirpe de citros de Xylella fastidiosa

“…Tabela 4 -Experimento de transmissão de Xylella fastidiosa por Bucephalogonia xanthophis para diferentes espécies de plantas-teste, usando-se Catharanthus roseus como planta-fonte a Após um período de acesso à aquisição de X. fastidiosa de 48 h na planta-fonte, os insetos foram transferidos em número de três indivíduos para planta-teste para um período de acesso à inoculação de 72 h; b Dias após a inoculação (DAI); c Valor entre parênteses apresenta a população média de X. fastidiosa em plantas infectadas, expressa em log do número de unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC) por grama de tecido vegetal detectada por isolamento primário em meio de cultura. Solanum americanum foi avaliada recentemente como planta-teste em ensaios de transmissão com a estirpe de X. fastidiosa de ameixeira, envolvendo a cigarrinha vetora S. sagata (Graner, 2014). Nesse trabalho a referida estirpe foi transmitida com baixa eficiência para S. americanum (apenas uma planta positiva para X. fastidiosa por PCR dentre várias inoculadas), após aquisição em planta de ameixeira infectada.…”