Cigarette Smoking and Tooth Loss in a Cohort of Older Australians

Arora, Manish; Schwarz, Eli; Sivaneswaran, Shanti; Banks, Emily

doi:10.14219/jada.archive.2010.0052

Cited by 56 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…However, the association between smoking and periodontal disease was weaker and significant only in women who were current smokers and in men former smokers. Our findings on the association between smoking and the number of teeth are in accordance with findings in earlier study [26] but are not fully consistent with some other studies in which smoking was strongly associated with periodontal disease [27]. Weaker relation between smoking and periodontal disease in our study could be explained partially by more extensive tooth loss due to caries at younger age in Poland.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Socioeconomic Status, Health Behaviours and Oral Health in Adult Urban Population of Krakow

Łysek¹,

Polak²,

Szafraniec³

et al. 2016

Dent. Med. Probl.

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Background. Human longevity has increased throughout all developed countries in the world, including Poland. In an aging population it is important to ensure adequate oral health for future generations as prevention and treatment methods adopted so far may soon appear insufficient. Objectives. The aim of this study was to assess whether social and behavioral factors, i.e. education, smoking, occupational activity, alcohol consumption, sports activity and perceived health influence tooth loss, functional dentition, oral hygiene, and periodontal health. Material and Methods. The study involved 1008 Krakow residents (478 men and 530 women), between the age from 50-75 years. Information on age, education, occupational activity, alcohol consumption, perceived health, smoking status, sports activities was collected by the interview using standard questionnaire. Oral examinations were carried out according to the WHO recommendations. Two definitions of poor functional dentition (FD) were used, i.e. having less than 20 teeth and having less than 4 pairs of contacting teeth. Pocket depths (PD) were measured using Hu-Friedy periodontal probe type PCPUNC15. Oral hygiene was assessed using Plaque Index (PI) by Silness & Löe.Results. There were 16% edentulous men and women. After adjustment for covariates, persons with low education had more than seven times higher prevalence of having poor FD in women and twice higher prevalence in men compared to persons with university education (OR = 7.05 95% CI: 2.50-19.82 and OR = 2.18 95% CI: 1.18-4.02 respectively). Smoking was strongly related to the prevalence of edentulism and to the prevalence of having no FD both in men and women. After adjustment for covariates, former male smokers and current female smokers had about twice higher prevalence of periodontal disease. Conclusions. Low education and tobacco smoking appeared to be the factors strongly and independently associated with poor oral hygiene and health. Relations between oral health and other socioeconomic and behavioral factors were weaker and they were attenuated after adjustment to age, education and smoking (Dent. Med. Probl. 2016, 53, 1, 66-77).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Socioeconomic Status, Health Behaviours and Oral Health in Adult Urban Population of Krakow

Łysek¹,

Polak²,

Szafraniec³

et al. 2016

Dent. Med. Probl.

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“…Both measures form criteria in a case classification created by the Centers for Disease Control and the American Academy of Periodontology (CDC-AAP), namely severe periodontitis defined as ≥2 interproximal sites with CAL of ≥6 mm (not on the same tooth) AND ≥1 interproximal sites with PD of ≥5 mm and moderate periodontitis defined as ≥2 interproximal sites (not on the same tooth) with CAL of ≥4 mm OR ≥2 interproximal sites (not on the same tooth) with PD of ≥5 mm. 14,15 We also included studies of self-reported tooth loss 16,17 and salivary markers of periodontitis. 18,19 No additional inclusion criteria were imposed and we placed no restrictions on case definition or cutpoint for defining periodontitis or categories of self-reported or biomarker levels of ETS exposure.…”

Section: Search Strategy and Selection Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When studies reported POR estimates across ETS categories, 16,17,25 we calculated a single estimate for the exposed group in two ways. First, we created a single category for the exposed group from the raw numbers by collapsing the levels of exposure and estimated an unadjusted POR estimate for the exposed group.…”

Section: Meta-analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the study by Arora et al 16 provided adjusted stratumspecific POR estimates, stratum-specific sample sizes were not provided, therefore, neither of the methods described above could be used to estimate a single unadjusted POR estimate for the exposed group. Instead, we used the reported adjusted POR for those exposed to ETS for ≥6 hours in the main analysis and substituted with the POR estimate for those exposed for 1-5 hours in a sensitivity analysis.…”

Section: Meta-analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Association Between Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Periodontitis Endpoints Among Nonsmokers

Akinkugbe

Slade

Divaris

et al. 2016

NICTOB

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Objective: A systematic review was conducted to summarize the epidemiological evidence on environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure and prevalent periodontitis endpoints among nonsmokers. Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Pro-Quest dissertations, and conference proceedings of a dental research association. We included studies from which prevalence odds ratios (POR) could be extracted for periodontitis determined by examiner measurements of clinical attachment level (CAL) and/or probing pocket depth (PD) or self-report of missing teeth. Studies determined ETS exposure by self-report or biomarker (cotinine) levels. Results: For studies reporting CAL and/or PD (n = 6), associations were stronger with cotininemeasured exposure (n = 3; random effects POR [95% prediction interval] = 1.63 (0.90, 2.96)) than self-reported exposure (n = 3; random effects POR = 1.15 (0.68, 1.96)). There was no meaningful difference in summary estimate for studies reporting CAL and/or PD endpoint (n = 6; random effects POR = 1.34 (0.93, 1.94)) as opposed to tooth loss (n = 2; random effects POR = 1.33 (0.52, 3.40)).Conclusions: There appears to be a positive association between exposure to ETS and prevalent periodontitis endpoints among nonsmokers, the magnitude of which depended mostly on the method of ETS assessment. Implications: The notoriety of ETS is often discussed in terms of its associations with cancer, chronic conditions like cardiovascular diseases, and respiratory illnesses in children. However, very little attention is paid to its association with oral diseases, especially periodontitis. Periodontitis affects a large proportion of the population and is a major cause of tooth loss. This study summarized the epidemiologic association between exposure to ETS and periodontitis among nonsmokers. Although the findings are consistent with a positive association, methodological weaknesses relating to study design, assessment of ETS, periodontitis, and adjustment covariates were highlighted and recommendations for improvement in future studies provided.

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“…Results of several cross-sectional and longitudinal studies showed smoking as a major environmental risk factor associated with the development of extensive and severe periodontal diseases [159,198,201,335,336]. Smoking results in periodontal destruction in a dose-dependent manner [337,338].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porphyromonas gingivalis infection in gestational diabetes mellitus and survival in tobacco smokers.

Gogeneni¹

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Cigarette Smoking and Tooth Loss in a Cohort of Older Australians

Cited by 56 publications

References 28 publications

Socioeconomic Status, Health Behaviours and Oral Health in Adult Urban Population of Krakow

Socioeconomic Status, Health Behaviours and Oral Health in Adult Urban Population of Krakow

Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Association Between Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Periodontitis Endpoints Among Nonsmokers

Porphyromonas gingivalis infection in gestational diabetes mellitus and survival in tobacco smokers.

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