Cigarette smoking and pancreatic cancer risk: More to the story than just pack-years

Schulte, Annaka; Pandeya, Nirmala; Tran, Bich; Fawcett, Jonathan; Fritschi, Lin; Risch, Harvey A.; Webb, Penelope M.; Whiteman, David C.; Neale, Rachel E.

doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2013.12.014

Cited by 32 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…[7][8][9][10][11] Our results are broadly consistent with the published literature, although our estimate for current smoking of 3.4 versus non-smoker is similar to that of a recent study, it is somewhat higher than those previously reported, which range from approximately 1.7 to 2.2. 7,9,10 It is possible that control selection bias contributed to this apparently higher risk. Similarly, the high estimate for heavy smoking (OR 12.7; 95% CI 4.61-35.07) that may be affected by small subgroup size.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

Risk of pancreatic cancer in Minia district, Egypt

Abdel-Rehim

Mahfouz

Ewis

et al. 2017

Int J Community Med Public Health

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Background: Pancreatic cancer is considered one of the most lethal malignant neoplasms. Therefore, a better understanding of the etiology and identifying the risk factors are essential for the development of preventive strategies. Methods: This case-control study included pancreatic cancer patients attending Minia Cancer Center during the period from June 2014 to December 2015 and controls from the general population. Several suspected risk factors were evaluated during personal interviews with the study participants. Statistical analysis included crude odds ratio (OR) and multivariable logistic regression with an adjusted OR and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: The study included 224 subjects, 75 pancreatic cancer cases, and 149 controls. Cases had higher age and male gender than controls. Bivariate analyses showed that age, sex, smoking, family history of pancreatic cancer, physical activity, mental stress, age at first birth, hormonal contraception, diabetes, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, pancreatitis, and cholecystitis were associated with pancreatic cancer. In the final multivariable analysis, smoking, physical activity, diabetes, HCV infection, and cholecystitis were significantly associated with pancreatic cancer risk. Conclusions: Pancreatic cancer risk is associated with some potentially modifiable factors like tobacco smoking and low physical activity and related health problems as diabetes, HCV infection, and cholecystitis. Control of known risk factors for pancreatic cancer should be considered to help in risk reduction and prevention.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

Risk of pancreatic cancer in Minia district, Egypt

Abdel-Rehim

Mahfouz

Ewis

et al. 2017

Int J Community Med Public Health

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“…As in our study, the proportion of non-smokers in the Italian study was similar in both cases and controls [18], but in other clinic or hospital-based studies, more controls were never smokers than cases [27,28,31,32]. Our results provide additional modest support of a demonstrated inverse relationship between years since last smoked and PC [7][8][9]33].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 44%

Cigarette smoking and risk of pancreatic cancer: a clinic-based case-control study in the San Francisco Bay Area

Lea

Holly

Bracci

2015

Annals of Epidemiology

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“…A significant difference in adjustment for confounders was found between studies. Smoking was often adjusted for, but other unhealthy behaviors associated with smoking, such as alcohol consumption, poor diet, family history of cancer, or presence of other chronic conditions, were not consistently included as confounders, which have been shown to be probable risk factors for pancreatic cancer (26,57,58). It is possible that those who participate in LTPA are also likely to make other healthy lifestyle choices and vice versa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association between Leisure Time Physical Activity and Pancreatic Cancer Risk in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Farris

Mosli

McFadden

et al. 2015

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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We conducted a meta-analysis of the association between leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and risk of pancreatic cancer to update previous analyses in light of newly published studies, to examine subgroups of interest and potential sources of heterogeneity. We searched the PubMed and MEDLINE databases for studies until February 2015. Study information was collected using a standardized form to abstract relevant data on study design, number of cases, participant and study characteristics, assessment of LTPA, risk estimates, and adjustments for confounding by two independent abstractors. We used randomeffects models to pool estimates from included studies of lowest versus highest comparison of LTPA. The search identified 26 studies eligible for inclusion into the meta-analysis. The combined summary risk estimate was [relative risk (RR), 0.89; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.82-0.96]. There was evidence of heterogeneity across studies (I 2 ¼ 22.1%, P heterogeneity ¼ 0.130). Some of the heterogeneity could be explained by study design, with stronger protective effects observed among casecontrol studies (RR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.59-0.81) compared with cohort studies (RR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.91-1.02). Across study designs, age of population was a source of heterogeneity, with stronger effects observed among younger (<50 years) populations. The present meta-analysis supports a protective association between LTPA and pancreatic cancer with an 11% risk reduction observed. LTPA appears to have the strongest effect among young populations. Additional investigations are needed to provide insights regarding the impact of LTPA in healthy adult populations, to reduce the risk of pancreatic cancer and encourage increases in LTPA. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(10);

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Cigarette smoking and pancreatic cancer risk: More to the story than just pack-years

Cited by 32 publications

References 17 publications

Risk of pancreatic cancer in Minia district, Egypt

Risk of pancreatic cancer in Minia district, Egypt

Cigarette smoking and risk of pancreatic cancer: a clinic-based case-control study in the San Francisco Bay Area

The Association between Leisure Time Physical Activity and Pancreatic Cancer Risk in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

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