Cigarette Smoking and Electronic Cigarettes Use: A Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Increasing evidence indicates that cigarette smoking is a strong predictor of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) use, particularly in adolescents, yet the effects has not be systematically reviewed and quantified. Relevant studies were retrieved by searching three databases up to June 2015. The meta-analysis results were presented as pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) calculated by a random-effects model. Current smokers were more likely to use e-cigarette currently (OR: 14.89, 95% CI: 7.70–28.78) and the probability was greater in adolescents than in adults (39.13 vs. 7.51). The probability of ever e-cigarettes use was significantly increased in smokers (OR: 14.67, 95% CI: 11.04–19.49). Compared with ever smokers and adults, the probabilities were much greater in current smokers (16.10 vs. 9.47) and adolescents (15.19 vs. 14.30), respectively. Cigarette smoking increases the probability of e-cigarettes use, especially in current smokers and adolescents.

Prevalence of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use among youth globally: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of country level data

“…The findings are consistent with previous reviews that found that current smokers were more likely to use ENDS, 61 and that ENDS ever and current use was increasing in the majority of countries with multiple prevalence estimates 25 . While considerable heterogeneity in prevalence estimates were reported across countries, ENDS use appeared to be increasing in most countries among young people.…”

Changes in Electronic Cigarette Use from 2013 to 2015 and Reasons for Use among Finnish Adolescents

“…Regular use (at least monthly) of e-cigarettes among adolescents was rare also in a study from the UK (2%) [35]. The determinants for e-cigarette use in our study are in line with those reported in other studies—for example conventional cigarette smoking [36] and other tobacco product use [11,13]. In this study, socioeconomic factors were associated with e-cigarette experimentation when studied separately, but when including them in the same model with tobacco-related factors, only adolescent academic achievement remained as a statistically significant determinant.…”

Prevalence and correlates of electronic cigarette use among Canadian students: cross-sectional findings from the 2014/15 Canadian Student Tobacco, Alcohol and Drugs Survey

“…Consistent with the literature, use of e-cigarettes was much higher among current and former smokers than among never smokers. 28 A recent study in Ontario's Niagara region found that only 6% of adolescents reported using e-cigarettes for reduction or cessation of smoking, 20 with several studies finding that young smokers are less likely than older smokers to report using e-cigarettes to quit smoking. 13,29,30 Consistent with other studies, use is more prevalent among males; 1,13,14,20 users of other tobacco products such as little cigars, water pipes and smokeless tobacco; 16,31 users of alcohol and marijuana; 10 and students who perceive that access is easy.…”