Cigarette Smoking and Cognitive Decline in Midlife: Evidence From a Prospective Birth Cohort Study

Richards, Marcus; Jarvis, M. J.; Thompson, Neil T.; Wadsworth, Michael

doi:10.2105/ajph.93.6.994

Cited by 181 publications

(165 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…A growing body of evidence suggests that chronic smoking, independent of substance abuse disorders, is associated with adverse effects on several domains of neurocognition, including executive skills, learning and memory, processing speed, and working memory (e.g., Ernst et al, 2001;Heffernan et al, 2005;Kalmijn et al, 2002;Paul et al, 2006;Razani et al, 2004;Richards et al, 2003). In a large cohort of community-recruited actively drinking and abstinent alcoholics, Glass et al (2006) found that both alcoholism and smoking severity were inversely related to neurocognitive function, and smoking severity (i.e., pack years) was a unique predictor of general intelligence and cognitive proficiency (i.e., an index of both speed and accuracy).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-treatment-seeking heavy drinkers: Effects of chronic cigarette smoking on brain structure

Durazzo

Cardenas

Studholme

et al. 2007

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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We previously reported [Cardenas, V.A., Studholme, C., Meyerhoff, D.J., Song, E., Weiner, M.W., 2005. Chronic active heavy drinking and family history of problem drinking modulate regional brain tissue volumes. Psychiatry Res. 138, 115−130] that non-treatment-seeking, active heavy drinkers (HD) demonstrated smaller regional neocortical gray matter volumes compared to light drinking controls; however, the potential effects of chronic cigarette smoking on regional brain volumes were not addressed. The goal of this retrospective analysis was to determine if chronic smoking affected brain structure in the non-treatment-seeking heavy drinking sample from our earlier report (i.e., Cardenas et al., 2005). Regional volumetric comparisons were made among age-matched smoking HD (n = 17), non-smoking HD (n = 16), and non-smoking light drinkers (nsLD; n = 20) from our original sample. Quantitative volumetric measures of neocortical gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), subcortical structures, and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) were derived from high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. Smoking HD demonstrated smaller volumes than nsLD in the frontal, parietal, temporal GM, and for total neocortical GM. Smoking HD also demonstrated smaller temporal and total GM volumes than non-smoking HD. Non-smoking HD and nsLD did not differ significantly on GM volumes. Further, the three groups did not differ on lobar WM, subcortical structures or regional CSF volumes. These retrospective analyses indicate neocortical GM volume reductions in non-treatment-seeking smoking HD, but not in non-smoking HD, which are consistent with our studies in recently detoxified treatment-seeking alcohol-dependent samples.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-treatment-seeking heavy drinkers: Effects of chronic cigarette smoking on brain structure

Durazzo

Cardenas

Studholme

et al. 2007

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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“…These findings could be interpreted as evidence for a deleterious effect of cigarette smoking. In support of this interpretation, a study of a large cohort found that smokers exhibited greater decline in performance between the ages of 43 and 53 on a word learning task, as compared to non-smokers (Richards, Jarvis, Thompson, & Wadsworth, 2003). Other studies, however, have not demonstrated significant associations between chronic smoking and cognitive decline (Carmelli, Swan, LaRue, & Eslinger, 1997;Schinka et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Working memory in cigarette smokers: Comparison to non-smokers and effects of abstinence

Mendrek

Monterosso

Simon

et al. 2006

Addictive Behaviors

141

136

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The present study was designed to examine the effect of cigarette smoking and withdrawal on working memory. Participants included 15 smokers and 22 matched non-smokers. For both groups the N-Back Task (of working memory) was administered in two test blocks on each of two days. On one day, smokers were tested after ≥13 h abstinence; on the other day, testing began ≤1 h after smoking. Smokers inhaled one cigarette between the blocks on each test day. Results indicated that performance of smokers after ≥13 h but not ≤1 h abstinence was significantly less accurate than that of non-smokers. A within-subject comparison revealed that in the abstinence session, smokers had significantly longer response latencies (in the 2-back condition) and made more overall errors compared to the satiety session. Smoking between test blocks in the abstinence session did not significantly affect performance although it significantly reduced craving. These findings provide further evidence for a deficit in working memory associated with acute abstinence from smoking, which may contribute to the difficulty of smoking cessation.

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“…While nicotine may acutely facilitate learning and memory (Levin and Simon, 1998;Newhouse et al, 2004;Sacco et al, 2004), a growing body of evidence suggests chronic cigarette smoking in non-alcoholic individuals adversely affects multiple domains of neurocognition (e.g., Deary et al, 2003;Razani et al, 2004), including learning and memory (Heffernan et al, 2005;Hill et al, 2003;Richards et al, 2003;Schinka et al, 2003). Chronic cigarette smoking, in addition to alcohol, results in additional oxidative stress to brain cells (Moriarty et al, 2003), and cigarette smoke contains many toxic compounds (Fowles et al, 2000) that may directly or indirectly compromise central nervous system tissue , possibly leading to volumetric and/or metabolic abnormalities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic cigarette smoking modulates injury and short-term recovery of the medial temporal lobe in alcoholics

Gaździński

Durazzo

Yeh

et al. 2008

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging

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Memory function is largely mediated by medial temporal lobe (MTL), and its compromise has been observed in alcohol dependence and chronic cigarette smoking. The effects of heavy alcohol consumption and chronic smoking on hippocampal volumes and MTL metabolites and their recovery during abstinence from alcohol have not been assessed. Male alcoholics in treatment (ALC) [13 smokers (sALC) and 11 non-smokers (nsALC)] underwent quantitative magnetic resonance imaging and short-echo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging at one week and one month of sobriety. Outcome measures were compared to 14 age-matched, non-smoking light-drinkers and were related to visuospatial learning and memory. Over one month of abstinence, N-acetylaspartate, a neuronal marker, and membrane-associated choline-containing metabolites normalized in the MTL of nsALC, but remained low in the MTL of sALC. Metabolite concentration changes in both groups were associated with improvements in visuospatial memory. Hippocampal volumes increased in both groups during abstinence, but increasing volumes correlated with visuospatial memory improvements only in nsALC. In summary, chronic cigarette smoking in alcohol-dependent men appears to have adverse effects on MTL metabolite recovery during short-term sobriety. These data may also have implications for other conditions with established MTL involvement and significant smoking co-morbidity, such as schizophrenia-spectrum and mood disorders.

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Cigarette Smoking and Cognitive Decline in Midlife: Evidence From a Prospective Birth Cohort Study

Abstract: The present results show that heavy smoking is associated with cognitive impairment and decline in midlife. Smokers who survive into later life may be at risk of clinically significant cognitive declines.

Cited by 181 publications

References 18 publications

Non-treatment-seeking heavy drinkers: Effects of chronic cigarette smoking on brain structure

Non-treatment-seeking heavy drinkers: Effects of chronic cigarette smoking on brain structure

Working memory in cigarette smokers: Comparison to non-smokers and effects of abstinence

Chronic cigarette smoking modulates injury and short-term recovery of the medial temporal lobe in alcoholics

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