Cigarette Smoking and Adenomatous Polyps: A Meta-analysis

Botteri, Edoardo; Iodice, Simona; Raimondi, Sara; Maisonneuve, Patrick; Lowenfels, Albert B.

doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2007.11.007

Cited by 281 publications

(208 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Persons with high intakes of red meat and processed meat are likely to be associated with other unhealthy lifestyles, for example, smoking and high energy intake, both of which are indicated as risk factors for CRA. 38 When we limited the meta-analysis to studies controlled for NSAIDs use, dietary energy intake, BMI and smoking, the positive association between red meat intake and CRA risk was not significantly changed. Although most included studies adjusted for a wide range of potential confounders for CRC, we still could not exclude the possibility that other unmeasured or inadequately measured factors have confounded the true association.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Red and processed meat intake and risk of colorectal adenomas: A meta‐analysis of observational studies

Xian

et al. 2012

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Inconsistent results regarding the association between red and processed meat intake and the risk of colorectal adenoma (CRA), the precursor of colorectal cancer (CRC), have been reported. To provide a quantitative assessment of this association, we summarized the evidence from observational studies. Relevant studies were identified in MEDLINE and EMBASE until December 31, 2011. Summary relative risks (SRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled with a random-effects model. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochran's Q and I 2 statistics. A total of 21 studies (16 casecontrol studies and five cohort/nested case-control studies) were included in this meta-analysis. The SRRs of CRA were 1.36 (95% CI 5 1.17-1.58) for every 100 g/day increase in red meat intake, and 1.24 (95% CI 5 1.12-1.36) for the highest versus the lowest level of red meat intake. Nonlinear dose-response meta-analysis indicated that CRA risk increased approximately linearly with increasing intake of red meat up to~90 g/day, where the curve reached its plateau. Subgrouped analyses revealed that the increased risk of CRA with intake of red meat was independent of geographic locations, design and confounders. The SRRs of CRA was 1.28 (95% CI 5 1.03-1.60) for per 50 g/day increase in processed meat intake, and 1.17 (95% CI 5 1.08-1.26) for the highest versus the lowest level of processed meat intake. Increased intake of red and processed meat is associated with significantly increased risk of CRA.The incidence of and mortality from colorectal cancer (CRC) have been on the rise worldwide. 1 Annually, $1 million new cases of CRC are diagnosed, and nearly 530,000 individuals may die from this disease, equivalent to $8% of all cancer-related deaths worldwide.1 The World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF)/American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) concluded in a report published in 2007 that high consumption of red and processed meat convincingly increases the risk of CRC.2 In this regard, a more recent meta-analysis of 24 prospective studies of CRC showed an increased risk of 17% (95% confidence interval [CI] ¼ 5-31%) per 100 g/day increased intake of red meat and of 18% (95% CI ¼ 10-28) per 50 g/day increased intake of processed meat.3 One underlying cause might be the formation of heterocyclic amines (HCAs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during cooking or processing of meat, both of which are potent mutagens in rodents and humans. [4][5][6][7] Additionally, heme iron from red meat might be another potential risk factor for CRC development. 8It has been established that most CRCs arise from colorectal adenoma (CRA) by a process referred to as the adenoma-carcinoma sequence.9 On the basis of this theory, we may assume that adenoma and carcinoma share a common etiology and similar epidemiological features. Therefore, better information about risk factors for adenomas might permit more rational development of intervention studies with adenomas as end points.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Red and processed meat intake and risk of colorectal adenomas: A meta‐analysis of observational studies

Xian

et al. 2012

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…Theoretically, smoking-related attenuation of colorectal methylation could reflect the anti-inflammatory effects of nicotine in the colon or is perhaps explained by some confounding nutritional disturbance that is more common in smokers (Sandborn et al, 1997). It would be interesting to explore this area, particularly given the fact that both smoking and lower levels of 'type A' methylation seem to be associated with colorectal adenomas (Botteri et al, 2008). Our study suggested that CRC pathway divergence precedes carcinogenesis, with background mucosal methylation defining both the at-risk patients as well as the at-risk pathways.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA methylation within the normal colorectal mucosa is associated with pathway-specific predisposition to cancer

et al. 2009

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“…In addition to insurance, other covariates such as age, gender, smoking, diabetes mellitus, obesity, aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and personal and family history of colonic neoplasia have been identified as a risk factor for colonic neoplasia [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]; therefore, these covariates were also abstracted from the medicals records. Smoking history and family history of colonic neoplasia were self-defined in the medical records.…”

Section: Screening Versus Diagnostic Colonoscopiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Project SCOPE on Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Screening Colonoscopies

Son

Lane

Messina

et al. 2014

J. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities

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Background A federally funded demonstration project (Project SCOPE) was conducted to develop a model for delivering screening colonoscopy to underinsured patients in Suffolk County, NY. The recruitment model featured collaboration between Stony Brook University Medical Center and the Suffolk County Department of Health Services' network of community health centers; bilingual patient navigators, and reimbursement of physicians and the hospital at Medicare rates. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of all (11,752) colonoscopies performed at Stony Brook Medicine, during the pre-SCOPE time period (2003)(2004), during SCOPE period (2007)(2008), and post-SCOPE (2010-2011), to measure the impact of SCOPE on reducing racial and ethnic disparities. Multiple logistic regression models were used to compare the likelihood of a patient being Hispanic or African American after adjusting for potential covariates. Results The numbers of Hispanics undergoing colonoscopies were 146 (4.3 %), 506 (12.3 %), and 262 (6 %) during the pre-SCOPE, SCOPE, and post-SCOPE time periods. The numbers of African Americans were 166 (5.1 %), 298 (7.2 %), and 255 (5.8 %). The odds ratio (OR=1.4, 95 % CI=1

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Cigarette Smoking and Adenomatous Polyps: A Meta-analysis

Cited by 281 publications

References 52 publications

Red and processed meat intake and risk of colorectal adenomas: A meta‐analysis of observational studies

Red and processed meat intake and risk of colorectal adenomas: A meta‐analysis of observational studies

DNA methylation within the normal colorectal mucosa is associated with pathway-specific predisposition to cancer

Impact of Project SCOPE on Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Screening Colonoscopies

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