Cigarette Smoke Particle-Induced Lung Injury and Iron Homeostasis

Ghio, Andrew J.; Pavlisko, Elizabeth N.; Roggli, Victor L.; Todd, Nevins W.; Sangani, Rahul

doi:10.2147/copd.s337354

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 400 publications

(454 reference statements)

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“…Meanwhile, in smoking patients Fe complexation by CS leads to a more pronounced Fe mobilisation [ 12 , 34 – 36 , 39 ] and thus a continuous supply of Fe to the AFBs. Accordingly, smoking patients experience the formation of larger denser layers around their asbestos fibres and throughout their AFBs, resulting in smaller AFB diameters (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation of the internal morphology of asbestos ferruginous bodies: constraining their role in the onset of malignant mesothelioma

et al. 2023

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Background Asbestos is a fibrous mineral that was widely used in the past. However, asbestos inhalation is associated with an aggressive type of cancer known as malignant mesothelioma (MM). After inhalation, an iron-rich coat forms around the asbestos fibres, together the coat and fibre are termed an “asbestos ferruginous body” (AFB). AFBs are the main features associated with asbestos-induced MM. Whilst several studies have investigated the external morphology of AFBs, none have characterised the internal morphology. Here, cross-sections of multiple AFBs from two smokers and two non-smokers are compared to investigate the effects of smoking on the onset and growth of AFBs. Morphological and chemical observations of AFBs were undertaken by transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and selected area diffraction. Results The AFBs of all patients were composed of concentric layers of 2-line or 6-line ferrihydrite, with small spherical features being observed on the outside of the AFBs and within the cross-sections. The spherical components are of a similar size to Fe-rich inclusions found within macrophages from mice injected with asbestos fibres in a previous study. As such, the spherical components composing the AFBs may result from the deposition of Fe-rich inclusions during frustrated phagocytosis. The AFBs were also variable in terms of their Fe, P and Ca abundances, with some layers recording higher Fe concentrations (dense layers), whilst others lower Fe concentrations (porous layers). Furthermore, smokers were found to have smaller and overall denser AFBs than non-smokers. Conclusions The AFBs of smokers and non-smokers show differences in their morphology, indicating they grew in lung environments that experienced disparate conditions. Both the asbestos fibres of smokers and non-smokers were likely subjected to frustrated phagocytosis and accreted mucopolysaccharides, resulting in Fe accumulation and AFB formation. However, smokers’ AFBs experienced a more uniform Fe-supply within the lung environment compared to non-smokers, likely due to Fe complexation from cigarette smoke, yielding denser, smaller and more Fe-rich AFBs. Moreover, the lack of any non-ferrihydrite Fe phases in the AFBs may indicate that the ferritin shell was intact, and that ROS may not be the main driver for the onset of MM.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation of the internal morphology of asbestos ferruginous bodies: constraining their role in the onset of malignant mesothelioma

et al. 2023

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“…Moreover, Smoking causes an inflammatory response in the lungs and represents a risk factor for pulmonary diseases like COPD. It also elevates soluble inflammatory markers in the bloodstream (34). It has been demonstrated that various types of inflammatory conditions and organ failure are associated with a drastic increase in PSP/reg protein levels, thus the inflammation in smokers' air spaces may increase their blood levels of PSP/reg (20)(21)(22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pancreatic Stone Protein/ regenerating Protein (PSP/reg) as a Biochemical Marker for prediction of Microvascular Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Albadr,

Haddad

2023

Al-Kindy Col. Med. J

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Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) characterized by insulin resistance (IR) and progressive decline in functional beta (β) cell mass partially due to increased β cell apoptosis rate. Pancreatic stone protein /regenerating protein (PSP/reg) is produced mainly by the pancreas and elevated drastically during pancreatic disorder. Beta cells are experiencing apoptosis that stimulate the expression of PSP/reg gene in surviving neighboring cells, and that PSP/reg protein is subsequently secreted from these cells which could play a role in their regeneration. Objectives: To analyze serum levels of PSP/reg protein in T2DM patients and evaluate its correlation with the microvascular complications of the disease. Subjects and Methods: One hundred fifty participants (64 males, 86 females; aged 40–70 years) include T2DM patients with and without microvascular complications as well as healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Biochemical parameters like random blood glucose (RBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile, urea and creatinine (Cr) were measured. Serum values of PSP/reg protein were measured by enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Serum levels of PSP/reg protein were found significantly elevated in T2DM patients with microvascular complications compared with those of controls (p<0.001) and T2DM patients without microvascular complications (p< 0.001).PSP/reg protein is correlated with type 2 DM duration (p<0.001), RBG (p<0.001), and HbA1c (p<0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) for the presence of microvascular complications was 0.973. Conclusion: PSP/reg protein may be used as biochemical marker to predict microvascular complications of T2DM.

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“…The impact of smoking is more dreaded in the homeostasis of microelements in particular, one of the most significant examples being the influence of smoking on iron homeostasis. Iron homeostasis of the cells gets disrupted when exposed to cigarette smoke particles, which ultimately is assumed to lead to the development of non-neoplastic injury of the lungs [ 30 ]. Even e-cigarettes interfere with the respiratory health of adolescents with asthma [ 31 ], and thus are no better alternative.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on the Impacts of Smoking on the Health of an Individual

Varghese,

Muntode Gharde

2023

Cureus

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Long-term smoking for several years has been known to cause severe ailments in humans from the beginning. Even after knowing that this dangerous addiction is a life-threatening deal, still, ironically, the prevalence of smoking is more or less not getting reduced to a desirable extent. Those who smoke are becoming miserable because of their habit of smoking. Still, on the other hand, due to passive smoking, many more innocent lives are also adversely affected for no fault. This aspect of smoking, i.e., passive or second-hand smoking, is a fearful complication of smoking which is seldom seen with other modes of addiction. Time and again, numerous researches have highlighted the adverse effects of smoking on the human body and the interference it does bring in one's life. Smoking contributes to the deterioration of many preexisting ailments and depletes many valuable aspects of the human body. Smoking thus has a devastating effect on almost all of the tissues of our body and thus exerts its effect on nearly all the major organs. This review article is made by analysing various findings from many researches conducted across the globe by having a thorough search of Pubmed database, which in turn is the main methodology of the article. This review article aims to provide a simple and subtle understanding of the ill effects of smoking on the human body by serving the readers with a readymade platter of comprehensive knowledge about smoking coupled with efforts to eliminate the associated myths.

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Cigarette Smoke Particle-Induced Lung Injury and Iron Homeostasis

Cited by 7 publications

References 400 publications

An investigation of the internal morphology of asbestos ferruginous bodies: constraining their role in the onset of malignant mesothelioma

An investigation of the internal morphology of asbestos ferruginous bodies: constraining their role in the onset of malignant mesothelioma

Pancreatic Stone Protein/ regenerating Protein (PSP/reg) as a Biochemical Marker for prediction of Microvascular Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

A Comprehensive Review on the Impacts of Smoking on the Health of an Individual

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