Cigarette Smoke Extract Exposure: Effects on the Interactions between Titanium Surface and Osteoblasts

Abstract

The aim of this study was to explore the changes in the characteristics of titanium surface and the osteoblast-titanium interactions under cigarette smoke extract (CSE) exposure. In this study, CSE was used to simulate the oral liquid environment around the implant under cigarette smoke exposure. Titanium samples were immersed in CSE to explore the changes in the characteristics of titanium surface. The physical properties of titanium surface were measured, including surface micromorphology, surface elemental composition, roughness, and surface hydrophilicity. MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured on the titanium surface in vitro under different concentrations of CSE exposure, and cell adhesion, cell proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation were observed. The surface micromorphology and elemental composition of titanium surface changed under CSE exposure. No obvious changes were found in the surface roughness and the hydrophilicity of titanium samples. Moreover, the results of in vitro study showed that CSE exposure downregulated the cell spreading, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells on the titanium surface. It could be speculated that some carbon-containing compounds from CSE adsorbed on the titanium surface and the osteoblast-titanium interactions were influenced under CSE exposure. It is hoped that these results could provide valuable information for further studies on smoking-mediated inhibition of implants osseointegration.

Comparison of 4‐ or 6‐implant supported immediate full‐arch fixed prostheses: A retrospective cohort study of 217 patients followed up for 3–13 years

“…Smoking has been proved to be a risk factor for implant failure and MBL by researchers 32–36 . Yang and colleagues 37 demonstrated that the cigarette smoke extract exposure changed the micromorphology and elemental composition of titanium surface of the implants due to the carbon‐containing compounds adsorption, which in turn influenced the osteoblast‐titanium interactions, thus inhibiting the implant osseointegration. Moreover, Javed and colleagues 38 hypothesized that nicotine and other chemicals in tobacco smoke induced a state of oxidative stress in peri‐implant tissues (gingiva and alveolar bone), with raised levels of proinflammatory cytokines identified in the gingival crevicular fluid of smokers, consequently increasing the likelihood of peri‐implant disease development via an inflammatory response.…”

Дентальная Имплантация И Курение: Современное Состояние Проблемы

“…В исследованиях in vitro показано, что воздействие экстракта табачного дыма понижает распространение, пролиферацию и дифференцировку преостеобластических клеток на поверхности титана. Кроме того, вследствие адсорбции углеродсодержащих компонентов табачного дыма изменялась микроморфология поверхности титана, что, в итоге, оказывало влияние на взаимодействия между ней и остеобластами [24,25]. Zhao X. et al (2018) на небольшой выборке показали снижение пролиферации и дифференцировки стволовых клеток костного мозга альвеолярной кости, полученных от курящих пациентов во время операции дентальной имплантации [26].…”