CIGA: A Middleware for Intelligent Agents in Virtual Environments

Oijen, Joost van; Vanhée, Loïs; Dignum, Frank

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-32326-3_2

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This systematic approach benefits from reusability and rapid prototyping characteristics. As an example, CIGA [Oijen et al 2012] is a middleware that amalgamates an arbitrary multi-agent system with a game engine by employing domain ontology. [Edward et al 2009] is a coupled planning and execution architecture for action selection in cognitive IVAs.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

On designing migrating agents

Hassani

Lee

2014

SIGGRAPH Asia 2014 Autonomous Virtual Humans and Social Robot for Telepresence

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In the realm of multi-agent systems, migration refers to the ability of an agent to transfer itself from one embodiment such as a graphical avatar into different embodiments such as a robotic android. Embodied agents usually function in a dynamic, uncertain, and uncontrolled environment, and exploiting them is a chaotic and error-prone task which demands high-level behavioral controllers to be able to adapt to failure at lower levels of the system. The conditions in which space robotic systems such as spacecraft and rovers operate, inspire by necessity, the development of robust and adaptive control software. In this paper, we propose a generic architecture for migrating and autonomous agents inspired by onboard autonomy which enables the developers to tailor the agent's embodiment by defining a set of feasible actions and perceptions associated with the new body. Evaluation results suggest that the architecture supports migration by performing consistent deliberative and reactive behaviors.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

On designing migrating agents

Hassani

Lee

2014

SIGGRAPH Asia 2014 Autonomous Virtual Humans and Social Robot for Telepresence

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“…On the other hand, under TIRF illumination (Figure 2A), the incident light is totallyi nternally reflected at the glass (or quartz)-water interface, whichg enerates an evanescent field to selectively illuminatea nd excite fluorophores adjacent to the glass (or quartz)-water interface. The depth of axial evanescent field is usually around1 00 nm, whereas the lateral radius is defined by the diffraction limit of light and is around3 50 nm with high numerical aperture objectives, whichi st he same as confocal and epifluorescence microscopy mentioned above.T herefore, V min is reducedt o4 0aL( p Â 350 Â 350 Â 100 nm 3 )a nd C max is increased to 40 nm.I np ractice, most TIRF-based fluorescence measurementsa re performed with concentrationso fl abeled speciesa t1 0nm or lower to obtain optimal signal-to-noise ratio; [16] althoughi ndividual fluorescence spots are still visible in the presence of 50-100 nm of labeled species. [6,17]…”

Section: Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence (Tirf) Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zero-mode waveguides( ZMWs) are ap rominent example to reduce V min throughn anostructure devices to confine volume Class I: techniques to reduce the TIRF 0.04 0.01, [16] 0.1 [6,17] minimum resolvable volume ZMWs (50-100nmd iameter) 10-80 10-20 [18,19] CLIC 0.4-20.2-2 [15] lipid vesicles( 100 nm diameter)33 [23,24] nanopipets(100 nm inner diameter)0.1 [27][c] 0.1-0.2 [27] nanoantennas 25 [29][c] 25 [29] [6] 0.42 [35] intensitieso fmolecules of interest Cy3 in FRET pair with QDs (Evidots, l max % 520 nm) > 410 [33] PhADE and sm-PAFRET 3-302, [34] 30 [6] hybrid techniques ZMWs + FRET 100-1600 1000 [36] [a] C max was estimatedb ased on Equations (1) and (3) by assuming the numbero fl abeled molecules within V min is 1.…”

Section: Zero-mode Waveguidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breaking the Concentration Barrier for Single‐Molecule Fluorescence Measurements

Peng

Wang

Chen

2017

Chemistry A European J

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Fluorescence-based single-molecule techniques have become widely used tools to reveal dynamic processes of biomolecules and elucidate their molecular mechanisms. However, the concentration upper limit of labeled species that can be used in single-molecule fluorescence measurements is at the low nm range, which is below the Michaelis constants of many enzymatic reactions and physiological concentrations of many biomolecules. Such discrepancy limits the application of single-molecule fluorescence tools. Several techniques have been developed to break the concentration barrier. In this Concept, we focus on reviewing fundamental principles of these techniques and wish to inspire development of new and better tools to achieve this goal.

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“…There are (at least) three representative systems, with similar objectives to ours, against which we contrast what has been presented here: GameBots [1], Pogamut [22], and CIGA [41]. Gamebots [1] has much in common with the virtual agent component in our system, being a kind of programmable agent controller, integrated with the 3D video game Unreal Tournament (UT), in order to create autonomous bots that interact with human players as well as other bot players.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CIGA [41] also has numerous similarities with our framework in that it aims to resolve the coupling problem between agent and virtual environment. This it does by means of two interface layers and an ontology model: (i) physical interface layer to connect to a environment (game engine), and (ii) cognitive interface layer to connect to a multiagent system, corresponding to the Virtual Agent and the Jason Agent, respectively.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decoupling Cognitive Agents and Virtual Environments

Lee

Baines

Padget

2013

Cognitive Agents for Virtual Environments

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Abstract. The development of and accessibility to rich virtual environments, both for recreation and training activities leads to the use of intelligent agents to control avatars (and other entities) in these environments. There is a fundamental tension in such systems between tight integration, for performance and low coupling, for generality, flexibility and extensibility. This paper addresses the engineering issues in connecting agent platforms and other software entities with virtual environments, driven by the following informal requirements: (i) accessibility: we would like (easily) to be able to connect any (legacy) software component with the virtual environment (ii) performance: we want the benefits of decoupling, but not at a high price in performance (iii) distribution: we would like to be able to locate functionality where needed, when necessary, but also be location agnostic otherwise (iv) scalability: we would like to support large-scale and geographically dispersed virtual environments. We start from the position that the basic currency unit of such systems can be events. We describe the Bath Sensor Framework, which is a middleware that attempts to satisfy the above goals and to provide a low-latency linking mechanism between event producers and event consumers, while minimising the effect of coupling of components. We illustrate the framework in two complementary case studies using the Jason agent platform, Second Life and AGAVE (a 3D VE for vehicles). Through these examples, we are able to carry out a preliminary evaluation of the approach against the factors above, against alternative systems and demonstrate effective distributed execution.

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CIGA: A Middleware for Intelligent Agents in Virtual Environments

Cited by 25 publications

References 16 publications

On designing migrating agents

On designing migrating agents

Breaking the Concentration Barrier for Single‐Molecule Fluorescence Measurements

Decoupling Cognitive Agents and Virtual Environments

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