Cicatricial Deformities Management: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Background: Treatment and prevention of the development of pathological scars (hypertrophic and keloid) is an important issue in modern dermatology and plastic surgery due to a violation of aesthetic perception (aesthetics), and in severe cases, the function of various areas of the human body. The purpose of this systematic review of the literature was to analyze the proposed effective methods for treating scar deformities of the skin. Methods: The systematic review included articles from Google Scholar, Medline, Scopus, Web of Sciences, PubMed. Search keywords terms included: pathological scar, therapy, botulinum toxin, laser, cryodestruction, hyaluronidase, skin scar prevention, new methods of wound treatment, wound and skin scarring, bioengineering surgery. Results: Conducted a preliminary search and reviewed 132 titles and abstracts in this review and 50 full-text articles were selected of high methodological quality. This review concluded the necessity of developing pre-surgical methods for preventing pathological scarring, which could potentially become a universal standard for any plastic and aesthetic surgery intervention. Treatment depends on the clinical and morphological characteristics of athological scars. Conclusion: The current systematic review demonstrated the need to develop presurgical methods for the prevention of pathological scarring, which could in the future become a universal standard for any intervention in plastic surgery, since the issue of treating skin scars is sufficiently covered in the available world literature.