Cicada-inspired cell-instructive nanopatterned arrays

Abstract

Biocompatible surfaces hold key to a variety of biomedical problems that are directly related to the competition between host-tissue cell integration and bacterial colonisation. A saving solution to this is seen in the ability of cells to uniquely respond to physical cues on such surfaces thus prompting the search for cell-instructive nanoscale patterns. Here we introduce a generic rationale engineered into biocompatible, titanium, substrates to differentiate cell responses. The rationale is inspired by cicada wing surfaces that display bactericidal nanopillar patterns. The surfaces engineered in this study are titania (TiO2) nanowire arrays that are selectively bactericidal against motile bacteria, while capable of guiding mammalian cell proliferation according to the type of the array. The concept holds promise for clinically relevant materials capable of differential physico-mechanical responses to cellular adhesion.

Antibacterial properties of PEKK for orthopedic applications

“…12,13 Inspired by cicada wings, which are covered with nanopillar-shaped structures that are capable of killing bacteria through physical means rather than by using drug, scientists have discovered a way to reduce bacteria growth. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] Specifically, studies have shown that when bacteria land on such nanopillar surfaces with features much smaller than the bacteria themselves, bacterial membranes are ruptured. 14,15 Therefore, an approach which relies on creating nanostructured surface features on the same material to be implanted may represent a novel nonpharmaceutical or non coating approach to reduce orthopedic implant infections.…”

“…[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] More importantly, the tips of cicada wing nanocolumns were round and capped, which was in contrast to the tips of PEKK which were sharp-edged. Future studies will investigate the influence of the geometry of these PEKK nanoscale surface features and the resultant antibacterial response.…”

Bactericidal activity of biomimetic diamond nanocone surfaces

“…17 Likewise, Diu 9 engineered cicada wing-inspired nanowire topographies on medically relevant titanium surfaces using an alkaline hydrothermal process as a function of time. They reported bactericidal activity that was particularly effective against Gram negative motile bacterial cells.…”

“…Two of the most widely studied physical-based strategies for antimicrobial surfaces using micro- 8,9 or nanotopographies [10][11][12][13] are inhibition of microbial attachment (antibiofouling) or contact-killing. An example of an antibiofouling surface is the Sharklet micropattern surface, inspired by shark skin.…”

Design of Nanostructured Functional Coatings by Using Wet-Chemistry Methods

“…Topographical modification of the resultant surfaces with nano-and microstructures has emerged as a potential tool for the fabrication of functionalized surfaces with antibacterial properties [100]. Some of the technologies usually applied for fabrication of antibacterial surfaces via surface micro-and nanostructuring are chemical etching (Black Silicon), physical vapor deposition (PVD), plasma irradiation, hydrothermal treatments, photolithography, electron-beam lithography and ablation by ultrashort pulsed lasers [101][102][103][104][105][106][107]. In Table 4, the advantages and disadvantages of these micro and nano-patterning technologies are shown.…”