2008
DOI: 10.1007/s10393-008-0155-3
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Chytridiomycosis Survey in Wild and Captive Mexican Amphibians

Abstract: Mexico, a rich country in terms of amphibian diversity, hosts about 375 described species. Population declines have been documented for several species where it is evident that their habitat is being destroyed or modified. However, other species which inhabit pristine areas are declining as well. It has been suggested that the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (B.d.) may be one of the causes of the enigmatic declines in Mexico. We surveyed a total of 45 localities, in 12 states across Mexico, exami… Show more

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Cited by 63 publications
(60 citation statements)
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References 18 publications
(25 reference statements)
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“…Threats to these populations include habitat loss, Espinal et al et al 2004, Robles-Mendoza et al 2009). In addition, several species of Ambystoma in Mexico have been found to be infected with the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Frías-Alvarez et al 2008). A number of recent studies have focused on the ecology and conservation of the Axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum (e.g., et al 2004, Bride et al 2008, Contreras et al 2009, Chaparro-Herrera et al 2013 We examined the diet of larval Ambystoma rivulare from a stream on the Volcán Nevado de Toluca in Mexico.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Threats to these populations include habitat loss, Espinal et al et al 2004, Robles-Mendoza et al 2009). In addition, several species of Ambystoma in Mexico have been found to be infected with the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Frías-Alvarez et al 2008). A number of recent studies have focused on the ecology and conservation of the Axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum (e.g., et al 2004, Bride et al 2008, Contreras et al 2009, Chaparro-Herrera et al 2013 We examined the diet of larval Ambystoma rivulare from a stream on the Volcán Nevado de Toluca in Mexico.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…La mayor parte de las especies evaluadas se comercializan como mascotas no convencionales (p. e. Agalychnis dacnicolor Cope 1864); A. mexicanum y R. marina han sido comerciados desde hace mucho tiempo como medicina tradicional (Ruíz-Boites, 2008); ambas especies las encontramos en ambos mercados, pero solo R. marina presentó Bd. No obstante, Bd ha sido reportado en individuos cautivos de A. mexicanum con prevalencias por arriba del 80 % (Frías-Álvarez et al, 2008;Galindo-Bustos et al, 2014).…”
Section: Discussionunclassified
“…Hyla eximia es la especie de mayor comercialización en dichos mercados principalmente como alimento para otros animales, lo cual potencialmente puede ser una fuente de transmisión del quítrido. Si bien encontramos un mayor número de especies comerciadas (n = 9), la prevalencia total observada de Bd fue menor que en trabajos previos realizados en Mé-xico (84,6% y 98,2%, Frías-Álvarez et al, 2008y Galindo-Bustos et al, 2014 La alta demanda del mercado de anfibios ha promovido la producción intensiva y la captura de individuos silvestres (Schlaepfer et al, 2005;Schloegel et al, 2012). En este caso, el papel de los anfibios cautivos con presencia de Bd puede ser fundamental en la ruta epizootiológica del agente, ya que aunque estos individuos no estén en contacto directo con las poblaciones silvestres, la dispersión del hongo se puede dar por diferentes rutas: los anfibios cautivos que mueren, junto con el agua en la que son mantenidos, generalmente son desechados al drenaje público (Johnson y Speare, 2003); y por escapes o liberaciones debidas a las deficiencias de la infraestructura de mantenimiento y prácti-cas de manejo, o liberadas intencionalmente para la crianza comercial, adorno de estanques, controladores biológicos y como parte de programas de reintroducción y conservación (Jenning y Hayes, 1985; Luja y Rodríguez-Estrella, 2010).…”
Section: Discussionunclassified
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“…Ambystoma leorae has an Environmental Vulnerability Score of 15, which is within the high vulnerability range (Wilson et al 2013), and is considered Threatened by the Mexican government (SEMARNAT 2010). Many populations of Mexican Ambystoma are subject to several anthropogenic threats, including urbanization and suburbanization, pollution, conversion to agriculture, and the introduction of et al et al 2004, Contreras et al 2009, Frías-Alvarez et al 2010, as well as the possible threat of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis Longcore, Pessier, and Nichols (Frías-Alvarez et al 2008; see also Mendoza-Almeralla et al 2015). Several Mexican Ambystoma have small, isolated populations that are prone to extinction (see Parra-Olea et al 2012), including A. leorae (Sunny et al 2014a,b).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%