Church, State and the Greek War of Independence

Sherrard, Philip

doi:10.1007/978-1-349-01845-1_8

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“…The very first article of the new constitution established the Orthodox Church as the official state religion. A Ministry of Religious Affairs was formed under the direction of Bishop Joseph of Androusa in 1822.363 But relations with the Patriarchate in Istanbul were headed full throttle down a collision course.Upon receiving news of the uprising, Patriarch Grigorios V and 21 other prelates released an encyclical condemning the Greek national cause and excommunicating those who supported it 364. Unfortunately for Grigorios, this show of loyalty did not satisfy Ottoman officials, who executed him soon there after.…”

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Disciples of the State?

Fabbe¹

2019

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Disciples of the State seeks to explain why some former Ottoman states succeeded in effectively secularizing schooling and law and regulating religion upon independencethereby consolidating state power-whereas others did not. The bulk of the project centers on a detailed investigation of three former-Ottoman country cases: Turkey, Greece, and Egypt. The main argument is built around a comparison of the critical historical antecedents that preceded independence in these three countries. My findings suggest that when manpower for early modernizing reforms in the 1 9 th century was severely constrained, state-builders were more likely to employ strategies of institutional reform based on co6ptation, thereby integrating religious elites into nascent state structures in a piecemeal fashion. This turbulent (and at times violent) process of integration and co6ptation spawned a dynamic of differential growth that severely weakened religious institutions. When religious institutions were weakened in this way in the 1 9 th century, it became possible for states to exert full control over the religious establishment upon independence, producing what we consider today to be successful "secular revolutions". I find that this dynamic played out in places as different as Greece and late Ottoman Turkey. Conversely, when manpower for modernizing reforms was more readily available (often as a result of colonial occupation) state-building strategies took a different form. Instead of co6ptating religious actors, state-builders created new sets of "parallel" disciplinary institutions that largely excluded traditional elites. In this context, rather than sharing expertise, religious institutions became largely insulated from the state, re-entrenched themselves, and grew in size over the late 19th and early 20th century. Upon independence, founding regimes thus inherited a deeply fractured system of disciplinary control making "secular revolutions" much more difficult to impose. I find the that this dynamic characterized state-building trajectories in Egypt.

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Disciples of the State?

Fabbe¹

2019

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2019

Disciples of the State?

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Politics and Religion: On the "Politicization" of Greek Church Discourse

Stavrakakis¹

2003

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The recent exclusion of the reference to religion from Greek identity cards has triggered an extraordinary reaction on behalf of the Orthodox Church. The Church hierarchy and Archbishop Christodoulos have led a campaign to oppose this decision, articulating a discourse that, by many accounts, was marked by a clear political profile. This reaction has polarized Greek society and has been dominating political life and media coverage for most of 2000 and 2001. These developments have also become the object of numerous analyses and academic discussions. Although a variety of dimensions are at stake, there is no doubt that the first crucial issue posed by the events is the question of the "politicization" of religious discourse. Is contemporary Greek Church discourse politicized? How can we account for this politicization within current global trends and the Greek historical context? These are some of the challenging questions explored in this paper.

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Church, State and the Greek War of Independence

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Disciples of the State?

Disciples of the State?

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Politics and Religion: On the "Politicization" of Greek Church Discourse

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