Chrysophyta

Kristiansen, Jørgen; Škaloud, Pavel

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-32669-6_43-1

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…[Stramenopiles-Chrysophyceae, (Kristiansen and Škaloud, 2016); Cryptophyta/Katalepharidophyta, (Okamoto et al, 2009;Grujcic et al, 2018)], parasitism [Alveolata-Syndiniales; (Guillou et al, 2008;Skovgaard, 2014)], phototrophy/mixotrophy [Chlorophyta-Prasinophyta, (Anderson et al, 2018)], as well as yet uncharacterized modes of feeding (Stramenopiles,MAST groups 3,4,7,and 12). Given the high ecological diversity of subgroups within these lineages, the scale of our study may be insufficient to adequately interpret the presence of viral sequences in SAGs of these lineages.…”

Section: Nature Of Associations Of Protists and Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single Cell Genomics Reveals Viruses Consumed by Marine Protists

et al. 2020

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The predominant model of the role of viruses in the marine trophic web is that of the "viral shunt," where viral infection funnels a substantial fraction of the microbial primary and secondary production back to the pool of dissolved organic matter. Here, we analyzed the composition of non-eukaryotic DNA associated with individual cells of small, planktonic protists in the Gulf of Maine (GoM) and the Mediterranean Sea. We found viral DNA associated with a substantial fraction cells from the GoM (51%) and the Mediterranean Sea (35%). While Mediterranean SAGs contained a larger proportion of cells containing bacterial sequences (49%), a smaller fraction of cells contained bacterial sequences in the GoM (19%). In GoM cells, nearly identical bacteriophage and ssDNA virus sequences where found across diverse lineages of protists, suggesting many of these viruses are non-infective. The fraction of cells containing viral DNA varied among protistan lineages and reached 100% in Picozoa and Choanozoa. These two groups also contained significantly higher numbers of viral sequences than other identified taxa. We consider mechanisms that may explain the presence of viral DNA in protistan cells and conclude that protistan predation on free viral particles contributed to the observed patterns. These findings confirm prior experiments with protistan isolates and indicate that the viral shunt is complemented by a viral link in the marine microbial food web. This link may constitute a sink of viral particles in the ocean and has implications for the flow of carbon through the microbial food web.

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Section: Nature Of Associations Of Protists and Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single Cell Genomics Reveals Viruses Consumed by Marine Protists

et al. 2020

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“…In addition to the use of inorganic sources, various phytoplankton species can use dissolved organic nitrogen directly to meet their N needs and heterotrophic uptake of dissolved organic carbon has been observed in a number of dinoflagellates (Lewitus and Caron, 1991) and chrysophytes (Wheeler et al, 1977, Kristiansen, 1990. Bacterioplankton (Liu et al, 2010;Tappin et al, 2012) and phytoplankton (Mulholland and Lee, 2009) can directly utilize oligopeptides by both external hydrolysis and direct assimilation depending on molecular size.…”

Section: Exchange Of Limiting Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine biodiversity and ecosystem function relationships: The potential for practical monitoring applications

Strong

Andonegi

Bizsel³

et al. 2015

Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science

128

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There is an increasing demand for environmental assessments of the marine environment to include ecosystem function. However, existing schemes are predominantly based on taxonomic (i.e. structural) measures of biodiversity. Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function (BEF) relationships are suggested to provide a mechanism for converting taxonomic information into surrogates of ecosystem function. This review assesses the evidence for marine BEF relationships and their potential to be used in practical monitoring applications (i.e. operationalized).Five key requirements were identified for the practical application of BEF relationships: 1) a complete understanding of strength, direction and prevalence of marine BEF relationships, 2) an understanding of which biological components are influential within specific BEF relationships, 3) the biodiversity of the selected biological components can be measured easily, 4) detail which ecological mechanisms are the most important for generating marine BEF relationships, e.g. identity effects or complementarity, and 5) establish what proportion of the overall functional variance is explained by biodiversity, and hence BEF relationships.Many positive and some negative BEF relationships were found within the literature, although many reproduced poorly the natural species richness, trophic structures or multiple functions of real ecosystems. Null relationships were also reported. The consistency of the positive and negative relationships was often low that compromised the ability to generalize BEF relationships and confident application of BEF within marine monitoring. Equally, some biological components and functions have received little or no investigation.Expert judgement was used to attribute biological components using spatial extent, presence and functional rate criteria. This approach highlighted the main contributing biological components to the ecosystem functions, and that many of the particularly influential components were found to have received the least amount of research attention.The need for biodiversity to be measureable (requirement 3) is possible for most biological components although difficult within the functionally important microbes. 3Identity effects underpinned most marine BEF relationships (requirement 4). As such, processes that translated structural biodiversity measures into functional diversity were found to generate better BEF relationships.The analysis of the contribution made by biodiversity, over abiotic influences, to the total expression of a particular ecosystem function was rarely measured or considered (requirement 5). Hence it is not possible to determine the overall importance of BEF relationships within the total ecosystem functioning observed. In the few studies where abiotic factors had been considered, it was clear that these modified BEF relationships and have their own direct influence on functional rate.Based on the five requirements, the information required for immediate 'operationalization' of BEF relationships within marin...

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“…The taxonomic status of this genus has changed during the last few decades. Within the group Stramenopiles, Pseudopedinella was first considered a member of the class Chrysophyceae, while since the 1980s it has been included within the class Dictyochophyceae (Hibberd 1986, Kristiansen & Sandgren 1986, Kristiansen 1990). However, several ecological studies still include this nanoplanktonic genus in the Chrysophyceae (see references in Table S1 in the Supplement at www.intres.com/ articles/ suppl/ a076 p219 _ supp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%