Chrysanthemum Biotechnology:<i>Quo vadis</i>?

Silva, Jaime A. Teixeira da; Shinoyama, Harue; Aida, Ryutaro; Matsushita, Yosuke; Raj, S. K.; Chen, Fadi

doi:10.1080/07352689.2012.696461

Cited by 98 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 182 publications

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“…Due to poor fruit setting, low germination (Simonet, 1932) and vegetative propagation rate (10 plants/year, Jéhan et al, 1994) the genetic improvement of iris species by conventional and mutation techniques is a time-and laborconsuming process. Recently, particle bombardment and Agrobacteriummediated transformation have become the most popular and powerful approaches employed for the creation of horticulturally valuable characteristics such as novel flower colors, leaf shapes, dwarf forms, prolonged cut-flower vase-life, resistance to abiotic or biotic stresses such as viruses/ viroids, pathogens and insects (Teixeira da Silva et al, 2013). Up to date, genetic transformation in genus Iris has been reported only for I. germanica, where stable overexpression of the Lilium lancifolium capsanthin-capsorubin synthase (Llccs) gene in callus tissue resulted in color change from yellow to red-orange (Jeknić et al, 1999(Jeknić et al, , 2012.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clonal fidelity of Iris sibirica plants regenerated by somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis in leaf-base culture — RAPD and flow cytometer analyses

Stanišić

Raspor

Ninković

et al. 2015

South African Journal of Botany

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Efficient protocols, safe from somaclonal variation, were developed for regeneration of Iris sibirica plants via organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis from leaf-base explants cultivated on Murashige and Skoog media supplemented with thidiazuron (TDZ, 1.0 mg/l) or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D, 1.0 mg/l). The morphogenic response and callus formation efficiency differed significantly between 2,4-D (80.9%) and TDZ (67%) morphogenesis induction treatments. TDZ induced only organogenic calli, while calli obtained with 2,4-D were composed of three types differing in color and consistency: white, friable -embryogenic calli (4.5%, 3.8 mg/explant), green, compact -organogenic calli (12.4%, 48.4 mg/explants) and yellow -nonregenerative calli (77.3%, 254.4 mg/explant). The cultivation of embryogenic calli on medium with 2,4-D and Kinetin resulted in further development of somatic embryos (54 embryos/g of calli) which germinated with a frequency of 62% after being transferred to a medium without plant growth regulators. Stable shoot cultures were established by transferring organogenic calli with shoot primordia to media with 0.1 mg/l α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 1.0 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), while further cultivation on media of the same composition (TDZ or 2,4-D) resulted in the reduced growth and rhizogenesis, respectively. The TDZ induction treatment resulted in higher number of shoots per explant (7.9) than the 2,4-D treatment (4.3). After successful rooting and ex vitro acclimatization, plants were grown in the field and flowered to seed production. Flow cytometry, chromosome counting and random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis indicated no evidence of genetic variation in plants regenerated via somatic embryogenesis or organogenesis. The results suggest that established protocols are safe for use in genetic transformation procedures or large-scale production of true-to-type I. sibirica plants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clonal fidelity of Iris sibirica plants regenerated by somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis in leaf-base culture — RAPD and flow cytometer analyses

Stanišić

Raspor

Ninković

et al. 2015

South African Journal of Botany

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“…Chrysanthemum morifolium , one of the 10 most popular Chinese traditional flowers, is a typical example of radiate species with inflorescence composed of both zygomorphic and actinomorphic symmetric flowers (Teixeira da Silva, 2003; Teixeira da Silva et al, 2013; Qi et al, 2016). The contemporary chrysanthemum cultivars are characterized by the substantial variation in petal types and the complicated ploidy levels (from 2n = 4x = 36, to 6 n = 54, 72, up to 90) (Liu et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Characterization of CYC-Like Genes in Regulation of Ray Floret Development in Chrysanthemum morifolium

Huang

Sun

et al. 2016

Front. Plant Sci.

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Chrysanthemum morifolium, one of the most economically important ornamental crops worldwide, is well-known for the elaborate and complex inflorescence which is composed of both bilaterally symmetrical ray florets and radially symmetrical disc florets. Despite continuing efforts, the molecular mechanisms underlying regulation of the two flower types are still unclear so far. CYC-like proteins have been shown to control flower symmetry or regulate flower-type identity in several angiosperm plant lineages. In this study, we conducted comparative analysis of the CmCYC2 genes in two chrysanthemum cultivars and their F1 progenies with various whorls of ray florets. Six CmCYC genes were identified and sequenced, all of which were grouped into the CYC2 subclade. All the six CmCYC2 genes were predominantly expressed in reproductive organs, and in particular in the petal of ray florets. Of these genes, the transcription level of CmCYC2c was highly up-regulated in ray florets of the double-ray flowered heads. In addition, the result that CmCYC2c was highly expressed at key developing stages indicates its role in regulating petal development. Furthermore, overexpression of CmCYC2c in C. lavandulifolium, one of the original species of C. morifolium, led to significant increase in flower numbers and petal ligule length of ray florets. Besides CmCYC2c, the expression of CmCYC2f was also significantly up-regulated in transgenic lines, implying a possible role in regulating development of ray florets. Both results of expression patterns and transgenic phenotypes suggest that CmCYC2c is involved in regulating ray floret identity in the chrysanthemum. This study will be useful for genetic manipulation of flower shape in chrysanthemum and hence promote the process of molecular breeding.

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“…Chrysanthemum ( Chrysanthemum morifolium ) is a popular ornamental plant worldwide [15, 16]. Most Chinese commercial cultivars will only flower if exposed to SD, so achieving year-round production requires flowering to be induced by controlling the daylength, which is a costly and energy-consuming measure [17, 18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic analysis of differentially expressed genes in the floral transition of the summer flowering chrysanthemum

et al. 2016

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BackgroundChrysanthemum is a leading cut flower species. Most conventional cultivars flower during the fall, but the Chrysanthemum morifolium ‘Yuuka’ flowers during the summer, thereby filling a gap in the market. To date, investigations of flowering time determination have largely focused on fall-flowering types. Little is known about molecular basis of flowering time in the summer-flowering chrysanthemum. Here, the genome-wide transcriptome of ‘Yuuka’ was acquired using RNA-Seq technology, with a view to shedding light on the molecular basis of the shift to reproductive growth as induced by variation in the photoperiod.ResultsTwo sequencing libraries were prepared from the apical meristem and leaves of plants exposed to short days, three from plants exposed to long days and one from plants sampled before any photoperiod treatment was imposed. From the ~316 million clean reads obtained, 115,300 Unigenes were assembled. In total 70,860 annotated sequences were identified by reference to various databases. A number of transcription factors and genes involved in flowering pathways were found to be differentially transcribed. Under short days, genes acting in the photoperiod and gibberellin pathways might accelerate flowering, while under long days, the trehalose-6-phosphate and sugar signaling pathways might be promoted, while the phytochrome B pathway might block flowering. The differential transcription of eight of the differentially transcribed genes was successfully validated using quantitative real time PCR.ConclusionsA transcriptome analysis of the summer-flowering cultivar ‘Yuuka’ has been described, along with a global analysis of floral transition under various daylengths. The large number of differentially transcribed genes identified confirmed the complexity of the regulatory machinery underlying floral transition.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3024-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Chrysanthemum Biotechnology:Quo vadis?

Cited by 98 publications

References 182 publications

Clonal fidelity of Iris sibirica plants regenerated by somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis in leaf-base culture — RAPD and flow cytometer analyses

Clonal fidelity of Iris sibirica plants regenerated by somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis in leaf-base culture — RAPD and flow cytometer analyses

Identification and Characterization of CYC-Like Genes in Regulation of Ray Floret Development in Chrysanthemum morifolium

Transcriptomic analysis of differentially expressed genes in the floral transition of the summer flowering chrysanthemum

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